Chemical Analysis (seneca) Flashcards
A chemically pure substance is a
single element or compound that only contains only one substance
Chemical purity is worked out by looking at
melting and boiling points of a sample
what are some examples of pure substances?
- water
- copper sulfate
- oxygen gas
- sodium chloride
Impurities 1. the melting point of a sample and 2. the range of temperatures at which the sample will melt.
- lower
- widen
Impurities 1. the boiling point and 2. the range of temperatures at which the sample will boil.
- increase
- widen
Formulations are …
mixtures of chemicals that have been designed to create useful products.
In a formulation, each component helps to decide what the mixture’s …
overall properties are.
To make sure that a formulation does what it is supposed to, each chemical component must be present in a …
precisely measured quantity.
Formulations are everywhere around us in day-to-day life. Examples include:
- Fuels
- Cleaning agents
- Metal alloys
- Fertilisers
- Medicines
The closer the experimentally recorded melting or boiling points are to those found in the data book, the greater the —– of a sample.
purity
Chromatography is a process that separates …
a mixture into its different components.
what are the 2 phases in chromatography?
- Substances are picked up and carried by a mobile phase (liquid or gas).
- The mobile phase then moves through a stationary phase (solid or viscous liquid).
In chromatography, this depends on the distribution of a substance across the 2 phases:
- A substance moves far if it’s more attracted to the mobile phase.
- A substance doesn’t move far if it’s more attracted to the stationary phase.
In chromatography, A substance moves far if it’s more attracted to the …
mobile phase.
In chromatography, A substance doesn’t move far if it’s more attracted to the …
stationary phase.
In chromatography, different components can sometimes be ———- to a solvent.
equally attracted
Different components can sometimes be equally attracted to a solvent.
So, the number of spots a mixture produces can …
vary depending on the solvent used.
What are the chromatography phases?
- mobile phase
- stationary phase
In paper chromatography, mixtures of soluble substances are separated. A solvent (1.) is run through the mixture on paper (2.).
- mobile phase
- contains the stationary phase
In chromatography, the substances will move up the paper at different rates. The most soluble substance will move the …
furthest.
In chromatography, the components that travel furthest are highly soluble (dissolve easily) in the solvent. They are also ——– to the chromatography paper.
minimally attracted
What are the steps of chromatography?
- Dip the bottom of the chromatography paper into the solvent.
- The solvent travels up the chromatography paper.
- As the solvent moves, it picks up and transports the substances being tested up the chromatography paper.
What is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?
A solvent
Chromatography produces …
chromatograms