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Chemistry > Chemical Analysis (Paper 2) > Flashcards

Chemical Analysis (Paper 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What colour flame do lithium ions produce?

A

Crimson

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2
Q

What colour flame do sodium ions produce?

A

Yellow

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3
Q

What colour flame do potassium ions produce?

A

Lilac

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4
Q

What colour flame do calcium ions produce?

A

Orange - Red

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5
Q

What colour flame do copper ions produce?

A

Green

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6
Q

What colour precipitate do calcium ions produce?

A

White

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7
Q

What colour precipitate do copper ions produce?

A

Blue

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8
Q

What colour precipitate do iron(II) ions produce?

A

Green

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9
Q

What colour precipitate do iron(III) ions produce?

A

Brown

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10
Q

What colour precipitate do aluminum ions produce?

A

White at first but redissolves in excess NaOH to form a colourless solution

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11
Q

What colour precipitate do magnesium ions produce?

A

White

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12
Q

How do you test for chlorine gas?

A

Put damp litmus paper near / in the gas. If it bleaches, the gas is chlorine

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13
Q

How do you test for oxygen gas?

A

Put a glowing splint near / in the gas. If it relights, the gas is oxygen

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14
Q

How do you test for carbon dioxide gas?

A

Bubble the gas through limewater, if the limewater turns cloudy, the gas is carbon dioxide

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15
Q

How do you test for hydrogen gas?

A

Put the gas near an open flame, if you hear a squeaky pop, the gas is hydrogen

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16
Q

Define a pure substance

A

something that only contains one element or compound throughout

17
Q

Define formulations

A

mixtures created by humans with a specific purpose and specific amounts of each compound / element in them

18
Q

Define the mobile phase in chromatography

A

where the molecules can move. this is always a liquid or gas

19
Q

Define the stationary phase in chromatography

A

where the molecules can’t move. this can be a solid or a really thick liquid

20
Q

Define the Rf value in chromatography

A

the ratio between the distance travelled by the dissolved substance and the distance travelled by the solvent

21
Q

What is the equation for calculating the Rf value in chromatography?

A

distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent

22
Q

What is the method for flame emission spectroscopy?

A
  • sample is placed in flame

- light released passes through spectroscope which detects light wavelengths to produce a line spectrum

23
Q

What is the purpose for flame emission spectroscopy?

A

to identify different metal ions in solutions accurately and find their concentrations

24
Q

How can flame emission spectroscopy identify different metal ions?

A

the combination of wavelengths emitted by an ion depends on its charge and electron arrangement so each ion has an individual combination of wavelengths. therefore each ion produces a unique line spectrum

25
Q

What does the intensity of a line spectrum indicate?

A

the concentration of that ion in the solution

26
Q

What is the test for carbonate ions?

A

using dilute hydrochloric acid and limewater - CO2 bubbles are produced and turn limewater cloudy

27
Q

What is the test for sulfate ions?

A

forms insoluble white barium sulfate when mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute barium chloride solution

28
Q

What is formed when silver ions react with halide ions?

A

insoluble precipitates

29
Q

What colour precipitate is formed when chloride ions are mixed with silver ions?

A

white

30
Q

What colour precipitate is formed when bromide ions are mixed with silver ions?

A

cream

31
Q

What colour precipitate is formed when iodide ions are mixed with silver ions?

A

yellow

32
Q

What is the test for halide ions?

A

add dilute nitric acid
add dilute silver nitrate
see which precipitates are formed

Chemistry (5 decks)

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