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Chemistry GCSE > Chemical analysis > Flashcards

Chemical analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

Substance without anything added to it (only one element or compound)

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2
Q

How can you tell how pure a substance is?

A

A pure substance will melt or boil at a specific temperature so its purity can be tested by measuring a substance’s melting/boiling point and comparing the value to the melting/boiling point of a pure substance. The closer it is to the value, the purer it is. The larger the range is, the less pure it is.

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3
Q

What are formulations?

A

Mixtures with a precise purpose made by following a formula, eg. paint

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4
Q

How do you test for chlorine?

A

Chlorine bleaches damp litmus paper, turning it white.

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5
Q

How do you test for oxygen?

A

In the presence of oxygen, a glowing splint will relight.

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6
Q

How do you test for carbon dioxide?

A

In the presence of carbon dioxide, lime water will turn cloudy.

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7
Q

How do you test for hydrogen?

A

Squeaky pop test

If a burning splint is held above hydrogen, there will be a squeaky pop.

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8
Q

Explain chromotography

A
  • draw a line in pencil towards the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper
  • add the samples of ink to the line
  • put the sheet in a beaker with some solvent (water) at the bottom so that the pencil line isn’t in the water
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9
Q

Rf =

A

Distance moved by substance
_______________________
Distance traveled by solvent

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10
Q

How can you test for carbonates (substances containing CO3 2- ions)?

A

To test for carbonates, you can add a few drops of a dilute acid to the substance. This test tube should be connected to another test tube, containing lime water. If it is a carbonate, carbon dioxide will be produced and the lime water will turn cloudy.

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11
Q

How can you test for sulfates (substances containing SO4 2- ions)?

A

A few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid and barium chloride solution are added. If sulfate ions are present, a white precipitate is formed.

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12
Q

How can you test for halides?

A

Add a couple of drops of dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution.
Chloride gives a white precipitate.
Bromide gives a cream precipitate.
Iodide gives a yellow precipitate.

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13
Q

When testing for halides, what colour precipitate does chloride give you?

A

White

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14
Q

When testing for halides, what colour precipitate does bromide give you?

A

Cream

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15
Q

When testing for halides, what colour precipitate does iodide give you?

A

Yellow

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16
Q

How can you identify metal ions?

A

Some metal compounds produce a distinctive colour when heated in a flame by using a nichrome wire (cleaned by a flame first) to holg the metal in the flame.

17
Q

What colour flame does a lithium ion produce?

A

Crimson flame

18
Q

What colour flame does a sodium ion produce?

A

Yellow flame

19
Q

what colour flame does a potassium ion produce?

A

Lilac flame

20
Q

What colour flame does a calcium ion produce?

A

Orange-red flame

21
Q

What colour flame does a copper ion produce?

A

Green flame

22
Q

How can you identify metal hydroxides?

A

Some metal hydroxides are insoluble and produce a precipitate with a characteristic colour. To test this, a few drops of sodium hydroxide need to be added to the unknown substance.

23
Q

What colour precipitate does a calcium ion produce when sodium hydroxide is added to it?

A

White precipitate

24
Q

What colour precipitate does a copper ion produce when sodium hydroxide is added to it?

A

Blue precipitate

25
Q

What colour precipitate does an iron(II) ion produce when sodium hydroxide is added to it?

A

Green precipitate

26
Q

What colour precipitate does an iron (III) ion produce when sodium hydroxide is added to it?

A

Brown precipitate

27
Q

What colour precipitate does an aluminium ion produce when sodium hydroxide is added to it?

A

White precipitate at first. Dissolves in excess to form a colourless solution

28
Q

What colour precipitate does a magnesium ion produce when sodium hydroxide is added to it?

A

White precipitate

Chemistry GCSE (11 decks)

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