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Chemistry > Chemical Analysis > Flashcards

Chemical Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

How can you distinguish pure substances from mixtures?

A

Pure substances melt and boil at specific temperatures, impure substances melt at a range of temperatures

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2
Q

What is a formulation?

A

A mixture of substances in a fixed ratio designed for a specific purpose

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3
Q

Name some examples of formulations

A

Fuels
Cleaning products
Paints
Medicine
Fertiliser

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4
Q

What is the equation for calculating Rf value?

A

Distance moved by substance / Distance moved by solvent

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5
Q

Which substances move further up the filter paper and why?

A

More soluble substances
Because they have a greater attraction to the mobile phase

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6
Q

Which substances move less far up the filter paper and why?

A

Less soluble substances
They have a greater attraction to the stationary phase

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7
Q

Why is pencil used to draw the sample line?

A

Pencils are insoluble, meaning it won’t affect the results

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8
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

Holding a lit splint and hearing a pop sound

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9
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

Relights a glowing splint

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10
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

When bubbled through limewater (calcium hydroxide) the solution turns cloudy

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11
Q

What is the test for chlorine?

A

Bleaches damp litmus paper white

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12
Q

How do you carry out a flame test?

A

Dip a wire loop into the solution and hold it under a Bunsen burner

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13
Q

What colour does lithium burn?

A

Crimson

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14
Q

What colour does sodium burn?

A

Yellow

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15
Q

What colour does potassium burn?

A

Lilac

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16
Q

What colour does calcium burn?

A

Orange-red

17
Q

What colour does copper burn?

A

Green

18
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

An insoluble solid

19
Q

Which metal ions form white precipitates when sodium hydroxide is added?

A

Aluminium
Calcium
Magnesium

20
Q

Which metal ion forms a blue precipitate when sodium hydroxide is added?

A

Copper

21
Q

Which metal ion forms a green precipitate when sodium hydroxide is added?

A

Iron (II)

22
Q

Which metal ion forms a brown precipitate when sodium hydroxide is added?

A

Iron (III)

23
Q

Which metal ion dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide solution?

A

Aluminium

24
Q

What do carbonates produce when reacted with acids?

A

Carbon dioxide

25
Q

How can you distinguish halide ions?

A

Add silver nitrate and nitric acid and observe the precipitate colour

26
Q

What colour precipitate does Chlorine form?

A

White

27
Q

What colour precipitate does bromine form?

A

Cream

28
Q

How do you distinguish metal ions?

A

Add sodium hydroxide and observe the precipitate colour

29
Q

What colour precipitate does iodine form?

A

Yellow

30
Q

How do you test for carbonates?

A

Add hydrochloric acid and bubble the carbon dioxide emitted through limewater

31
Q

How do you test for sulphates?

A

Add hydrochloric acid and barium chloride, there should be a white precipitate

32
Q

What are the advantages of instrumental methods?

A

Accurate
Sensitive
Rapid

Chemistry (9 decks)

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