Chem Vocab Flashcards
Specific Heat Capacity:
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of exactly 1 g of a substance by exactly 1 degree Celsius.
Molar Heat Capacity:
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
Ionic Bond:
Ionic compounds form as a metal atom donates electrons to a nonmetal, forming ionic bonds. In ionic compounds, the bonds are held together by electrostatic attractions, which are strong enough to cause the compounds to have very high melting points. Ionic bonds are the strongest type of chemical bond.
Covalent Bonds:
Covalent compounds form as nonmetal atoms share electron pairs, forming covalent bonds. In covalent compounds, the bonds are held together by different types of forces.
Dipole-Dipole Attractions:
are forces that result because: Polar Compounds have a net dipole because the molecule has asymmetrical differences in electronegativity.
Hydrogen Bonds:
Bonds that are very important to the formation of many biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA.
Hydrogen bonding is the reason why the boiling point of water is so high for its mass.
Polar Molecules that contain H O N or F participate in Hydrogen bonding.
Dispersion Forces
Weak attractions through which non polar compounds form solids at low temperatures. They occur as temporary dipoles occur within non polar molecules. As fast-moving electrons that surround molecules move about, they instantaneously and slightly change the polarity within a non polar molecule.
Melting Point and Freezing Point
they are the same temperature. Melting occurs as heat is added to a solid, and freezing occurs as heat is removed from a liquid (same amount of heat, heat of fusion 0 C.)
Evaporation and Condensation Points
they are the same temperature. Evaporation occurs as heat is added to a liquid, and condensation occurs as heat is removed from a gas (same amount of heat, the heat of vaporization, 100 C.)
