Chem Unit 1.2 -- Matter

Question 1

Definition of matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and volume

Question 2

definition of mass

Answer 2

• amount of particles in a substance

- measured in grams

Question 3

definition of volume

Answer 3

• amount of space in a substance

- measured in litres (L, mL, etc)

Question 4

What is Physical Change? Give an example.

Answer 4

A change in appearance. EG, a sheet of paper to a paper ball

Question 5

What is Chemical Change? Give an example.

Answer 5

• occurs when substances combine or break to make new substances
• fireworks from rocket form to the colourful gas form

Question 6

Define a solid.

Answer 6

Something with a fixed shape and volume.

Question 7

Define a liquid.

Answer 7

Definite (fixed) volume, it’s shape depends on its surroundings.

Question 8

Define a gas.

Answer 8

Both shape and volume depend on its surroundings, has the highest kinetic energy.

Question 9

What is the particle model of matter?

Answer 9

• all matter is made of small particles
• all particles are separated by space
• particles are always moving
• particle attract each other.

Question 10

What is the abbreviation of the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

Answer 10

KMT

Question 11

True or False? The Kinetic Molecular Theory is not based on evidence.

Answer 11

FALSE!

Question 12

Name, in detail, the four most important points of the KMT.

Answer 12

1. All matter is made of small particles.
2. Empty space between particles. Amount of space between them depends on the state of matter.
3. particles moving:
   - solid –> tightly packed, only vibrations.
   - liquid –> further apart and allows particles to slide past each other.
   - gas –> very far apart so it moves quickly
4. Kinetic, aka movement energy allows the particles to vibrate or move.

Question 13

Which state of matter has the highest Kinetic Energy?

Answer 13

Gas.

Question 14

Describe the six changes of state. Must know: its three forms, terms (ie melting, solidification, etc), boiling/melting points.

Answer 14

Three forms: Gas, Liquid, Solid.

Terms:

• Gas –> Liquid: CONDENSATION
• liquid –> Solid: SOLIDIFICATION
• Solid –> Gas: SUBLIMATION
• Gas –> Solid: DEPOSITION
• Solid –> Liquid: MELTING
• Liquid –> Gas: EVAPORATION

Boiling + Melting Point:

• The BOILING POINT is the temperature in which a liquid becomes a gas.
• The MELTING POINT is the temperature a solid becomes a liquid.

Question 15

How does the KMT help explain changes of state?

Answer 15

For melting (solid –> liquid) there is an increase in kinetic energy, which explains the change of state.

Question 16

Define Qualitative Properties:

Answer 16

• A property that can be described.

Question 17

Define Quantitative Properties:

Answer 17

• properties that are an amount or a measurement

Question 18

Define Pure Substance, and give examples.

Answer 18

Definition: substance only made of one type of matter
Example: PURE water, elements

Question 19

Define Element, and give examples.

Answer 19

Definition: A substance that can’t be broken any further.
Example: Periodic Table

Question 20

Define Compound, and give examples.

Answer 20

Definition: Made up of at least two elements.
Example: pure water (H2O)

Question 21

Name the process of going from a gas to a solid.

Answer 21

Deposition

Question 22

Name the process of going from a solid to a liquid.

Answer 22

Melting

Question 23

Name the process of going from a liquid to a gas.

Answer 23

Evaporation

Question 24

Name the process of going from a gas to a liquid.

Answer 24

Condensation

Question 25

Name the process of going from a liquid to a solid.

Answer 25

Solidification

Question 26

Name the process of going from a solid to a gas.

Answer 26

Sublimation