Chem Quiz 4

Question 1

What is a solution?

Answer 1

A homogenous mixture of two or more substances.

Question 2

What is a solvent?

Answer 2

The component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount.

Question 3

What is a solute?

Answer 3

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent.

Question 4

What is an aqueous solution?

Answer 4

A solution that contains water.

Question 5

What is solubility?

Answer 5

The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.

Question 6

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 6

A solution that cannot dissolve more solute. Crystals are visible, crystal does not dissolve or grow (seed crystal test).

Question 7

What is an unsaturated solution?

Answer 7

A solution that could dissolve more solute. No visible crystals and crystal will dissolve (seed crystal test).

Question 8

What is a supersaturated solution?

Answer 8

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature. No crystals are visible, crystal will grow and become hot (seed crystal test).

Question 9

Is a can of pop: saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated?

Answer 9

Supersaturated because it can hold more solute (CO2) when it is under pressure. When you open the can, it becomes saturated and the excess gas escapes.

Question 10

What are the 3 factors that affect solubility?

Answer 10

Ionic or covalent? Temperature. Pressure.

Question 11

What are the 3 factors that affect the rate of dissolving?

Answer 11

Agitation, temperature(heating up), Surface area (sugar cubes).

Question 12

What is the concentration triangle?

Answer 12

Question 13

When ionic compounds dissolve in water…

Answer 13

…they form non-dipole forces with the water molecules.

Question 14

Polar solutes dissolve in_______.

Answer 14

Polar solvents.

Question 15

Non-polar solutes dissolve in___________.

Answer 15

Non-polar solvents.

Question 16

Water is…

Answer 16

small and polar.

Question 17

What effect does water’s small size and polarity have on it’s solubility?

Answer 17

Relatively few molecular substances dissolve in water.

Question 18

What would be the reason for an ionic compound being insoluble in water?

Answer 18

Because the ionic bonds are too strong to be broken.

Question 19

Which ions tend to have really strong bonds?

Answer 19

.If they are small and have high charges/

Question 20

Does solubility of solids in liquids increase or decrease with temperature?

Answer 20

Increase.

Question 21

What is thermal pollution and how is it fixed?

Answer 21

Warm waste water that will warm up bodies of water. This causes their solubility of oxygen to decrease. Fish will die bc of the lack of oxygen. You fix it with a cooling tower.

Question 22

Does the solubility of gases in water increase or decrease with temperature?

Answer 22

Decrease.

Question 23

Explain how temperature affects solubility in carbonated beverages.

Answer 23

CO2 is dissolved in water to make carbonic acid which gives the pop fizz and tang. If you let it warm up the solubility of CO2 will go down, less carbonic acid and your pop will taste flat.

Question 24

Why does a glass of pop sitting on a desk go flat?

Answer 24

It has less pressure than it does in the can so the solubility of CO2 decreases resulting in less carbonic acid.

Question 25

Explain how pressure can give you the bends.

Answer 25

Pressure is increasing as you go down.

Pressure increases the solubility of oxygen nitrogen and carbon dioxide so more can dissolve in your blood.

As you go up, the solubility of O2, N2, and CO2 will go down and will come out of solution.

If you ascend quickly you won’t be able to breathe it out fast enough.

Bubbles will form in blood vessels and block the flow of blood.

Question 26

What happens to the solubility of potassium nitrate in water as the temperature increases?

Answer 26

It also increases.