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MCAT > Chem/Phys Missed Questions > Flashcards

Chem/Phys Missed Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Activated fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation, 4 step process in which two carbons at a time are converted to acetyl-CoA.

How many NADH molecules will be produced from palmitoyl-CoA?

A

1 molecule of NADH is made for every complete cycle of B-oxidation

2 carbons are removed each cycle

palmitoyl-CoA has 16 carbons, 7 cycles, 7 NADH

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2
Q

What is a transferase?

A

transfers a specific group from one molecule to another (phosphate transfer)

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3
Q

What is a lyase? hydrolase? oxidoreductase?

A

catalyzes breaking of bonds without using water

catalyzes hydrolysis of a molecule with water

movement of electrons

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4
Q

Molecular geometry in increasing order.

A
  • linear: 2 bonds
  • trigonal planar: 3 bonds
  • bent: 2 bonds, 1 LP
  • tetrahedral: 4 bonds
  • trigonal pyramidal: 3 bonds, 1 LP
  • trigonal bipyramidal: 5 bonds or 4 B + 1 LP, 3 + 2
  • octahedral: 6 bonds, 5/1, 4/2
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5
Q

How do you determine the mole fraction of O2 inhaled?

A

partial pressure is equivalent to mole fractions
Amount inhaled found by dividing the specific amount by the total pressure

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6
Q

How do you calculate Coulomb’s Law?

A

electrostatic force
F = kq1q2 / r^2

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7
Q

What is a 30 dB increase do to the magnitude of the sound?

A

decibels are on a log scale
increases it by 10^3
1000x greater

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8
Q

What is the formula of monosaccharides and disaccharides?

A

monosaccharides: C6H12O6

disaccharide: C12H22O11

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9
Q

How are peptides formed?

A

N terminal attacks C

amino acid with free N gets named first: N–>C

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10
Q

What is the potential energy of a spring?

A

U = (1/2) k x^2

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11
Q

What role does the acid play in Fischer esterification?

A

protonates the carbonyl oxygen, making the carbon more electrophilic and susceptible to attack

CATALYST

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12
Q

Characteristics of ethanoic anhydride?

A

highly reactive (in water, forms back into two CA), formed via dehydration, WOULD NOT form in aq solution

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13
Q

List the first 4 alkanes.

A

methane
ethane
propane
butane

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14
Q

How do you determine priority in R/S configuration?

A

highest priority groups are highest atomic number. CH3 < CH2X. R clockwise, S counterclockwise

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15
Q

What do salt bridges do in electrochemical cells?

A

prevent charge build-up in galvanic cells
- maintains the electrical neutrality by releasing spectator ions so that the redox reaction continues

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16
Q

What is the difference between galvanic and electrolytic cells?

A

galvanic: converts chemical energy into electrical energy through a spontaneous redox reaction

electrolytic: electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous reaction

17
Q

What is Gibb’s free energy equation ?

A

dG = dH - TdS

H: enthalpy; + endothermic
T: temp; 273K
S: entropy; randomness
G: negative is spontaneous

18
Q

What affects nucleic acid annealing?

A

spontaneous and driven by formation of H-bonds

electrostatic interactions, histones (structure + protect DNA) negatively affects formation

19
Q

How do you determine the terminals in a galvanic cell?

A

anode is terminal where oxidation occurs; higher oxidation potential, lower reduction potential goes here

20
Q

What happens in beta+ decay?

A

proton into a neutron, emission of a positron and neutrino from the nucleus

drops atomic number by 1, same atomic mass

21
Q

What is laminar flow through a closed system?

A

fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers
v1A1 = v2A2; velocity and cross sectional areas

greatest velocity occurs in region of smallest cross sectional area

22
Q

What is buoyant force?

A

upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it

Fb = pf * V * g
- pf: density of the fluid
- V: volume of the fluid displaced by the object
- g: acceleration due to gravity

23
Q

An object is submerged in a pool and sinks. Assuming H2O is an ideal fluid, what is true?

A

the weight (m*g) of the object is greater than the buoyant force because it is accelerating downward (g)

ideal fluids have 0 viscosity (no drag/R), so the object’s acceleration does not decrease as it hits the bottom of the pool

24
Q

How is focal length related to curvature?

A

f = r/2

MCAT (9 decks)

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