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CASE 22 NEURAL TUBE DEFECT > CHEM PATH Lec > Flashcards

CHEM PATH Lec Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormone peaks before the end of the 1st trimester?
a) Progesterone
b) Oestrogens
c) hCG
d) HPL

A

c) hCG

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2
Q

The a subunit of hCG is common to which other hormones?
a) TSH, FSH, and LH
b) Progesterone and oestrogens
c) HPL and PAPP-A
d) AFP and inhibin

A

a) TSH, FSH, and LH

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3
Q

What is the function of hCG in early pregnancy?
a) Stimulates the corpus luteum
b) Maintains the endometrium
c) Prepares the mammary glands for lactation
d) Prevents glucose uptake in the mother

A

a) Stimulates the corpus luteum

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4
Q

At what stage of pregnancy is hCG detectable in serum?
a) Week 1
b) Week 3
c) Week 8
d) Week 12

A

b) Week 3

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5
Q

Which hormone prevents menstruation and maintains the endometrium for implantation?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) Oestrogens
d) HPL

A

b) Progesterone

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6
Q

Which enzyme is required for oestrogen production during pregnancy?
a) Placental GH
b) PAPP-A
c) AFP
d) P450 aromatase

A

d) P450 aromatase

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7
Q

What is the primary oestrogen of pregnancy?
a) Oestrone
b) Oestradiol
c) Oestriol
d) Progesterone

A

c) Oestriol

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8
Q

Which hormone is similar to growth hormone and promotes lipolysis in the mother?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) Oestrogens
d) HPL

A

d) HPL

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9
Q

Which placental hormone is a negative feedback regulator of FSH?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) Inhibin
d) AFP

A

c) Inhibin

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10
Q

What is the function of PAPP-A?
a) Prevents glucose uptake in the mother
b) Promotes lipolysis in the mother
c) Cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding protein
d) Regulates GnRH, hCG, and steroids

A

c) Cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding protein

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11
Q

Which marker is used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) AFP
d) HPL

A
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12
Q

Which marker is used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) AFP
d) HPL

A

a) hCG is used to detect germ cell tumors.
c) AFP is used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma.

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13
Q

Prenatal screening tests tend to target anomalies that are:
a) Compatible with life
b) Associated with severe handicap
c) Incompatible with life
d) Easily manageable

A
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14
Q

What is the purpose of prenatal screening?
a) To provide a definitive diagnosis
b) To determine the risk of a particular disease in the fetus
c) To detect severe anomalies in the fetus
d) To establish the gestational age of the fetus

A

b) To determine the risk of a particular disease in the fetus

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a good screening test?
a) High cost and invasive
b) Difficult to perform and unsafe
c) Non-invasive and reproducible
d) Low false positive rate and high false negative rate

A

c) Non-invasive and reproducible

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a good screening test?
a) High cost and invasive
b) Difficult to perform and unsafe
c) Non-invasive and reproducible
d) Low false positive rate and high false negative rate

A

What is the calculated risk of the fetus being affected based on prenatal screening?
a) Low, medium, or high risk
b) 1:1100
c) The detection rate
d) The false positive rate

15
Q

What is the calculated risk of the fetus being affected based on prenatal screening?
a) Low, medium, or high risk
b) 1:1100
c) The detection rate
d) The false positive rate

A

a) Low, medium, or high risk

16
Q

When is amniocentesis usually performed?

A

c) 15-20 weeks of gestation

17
Q

Which hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone in early pregnancy?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) Oestrogen
d) HPL

A

hCG

18
Q

Which hormone is a negative feedback regulator of FSH?
a) PAPP-A
b) AFP
c) Inhibin
d) Neuropeptide Y

A

C

19
Q

Which hormone is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast and has two subunits, a and ß?
a) PAPP-A
b) AFP
c) hCG
d) Neuropeptide Y

A

c) hCG

20
Q

Which prenatal screening test is based on population statistics to determine the risk of a specific disease in the unborn fetus?
a) Amniocentesis
b) Chorionic villus sampling
c) Maternal serum biochemistry
d) Doppler ultrasound

A

c) Maternal serum biochemistry

21
Q

What is the main purpose of prenatal screening tests?
a) To provide a definitive diagnosis
b) To determine the gender of the fetus
c) To estimate the gestational age
d) To assess the risk of a particular disease

A
22
Q

What is the main purpose of prenatal screening tests?
a) To provide a definitive diagnosis
b) To determine the gender of the fetus
c) To estimate the gestational age
d) To assess the risk of a particular disease

A

d) To assess the risk of a particular disease

23
Q

What does MoM stand for in prenatal screening reports?
a) Median of Marker
b) Marker of Maternity
c) Mean of Median
d) Multiple of Median

A

d) Multiple of Median

24
Q

What is the marker used to screen for neural tube defects?
a) PAPP-A
b) AFP
c) hCG
d) Inhibin

A

AFP

25
Q

Which syndrome is associated with an increased nuchal translucency measurement on ultrasound?
a) Down syndrome
b) Edwards syndrome
c) Neural tube defect
d) Turner syndrome

A

a) Down syndrome

26
Q

What is the recommended gestational age for performing amniocentesis?
a) 8-13 weeks
b) 15-18 weeks
c) 20-24 weeks
d) 26-30 weeks

A

b) 15-18 weeks

27
Q

Which hormone is measured in the second-trimester screen for Down syndrome?
a) AFP
b) PAPP-A
c) total βhCG
d) Unconjugated estriol

A

c) total βhCG

28
Q

Which hormone is decreased in the second-trimester screen for Edwards syndrome?
a) AFP
b) PAPP-A
c) Free βhCG
d) Unconjugated estriol

A

d) Unconjugated estriol

29
Q

What is the incidence of Down syndrome in South Africa?
a) 1:1000 live births
b) 1:500 live births
c) 1:8000 live births
d) 1:10,000 live births

A

a) 1:1000 live births

30
Q

Which type of prenatal screening test uses ultrasound, Doppler, and MRI?
a) Imaging investigations
b) Maternal serum biochemistry
c) Amniocentesis
d) Chorionic villus sampling

A

a) Imaging investigations

CASE 22 NEURAL TUBE DEFECT (5 decks)

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