CHEM PATH Lec Flashcards
Which hormone peaks before the end of the 1st trimester?
a) Progesterone
b) Oestrogens
c) hCG
d) HPL
c) hCG
The a subunit of hCG is common to which other hormones?
a) TSH, FSH, and LH
b) Progesterone and oestrogens
c) HPL and PAPP-A
d) AFP and inhibin
a) TSH, FSH, and LH
What is the function of hCG in early pregnancy?
a) Stimulates the corpus luteum
b) Maintains the endometrium
c) Prepares the mammary glands for lactation
d) Prevents glucose uptake in the mother
a) Stimulates the corpus luteum
At what stage of pregnancy is hCG detectable in serum?
a) Week 1
b) Week 3
c) Week 8
d) Week 12
b) Week 3
Which hormone prevents menstruation and maintains the endometrium for implantation?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) Oestrogens
d) HPL
b) Progesterone
Which enzyme is required for oestrogen production during pregnancy?
a) Placental GH
b) PAPP-A
c) AFP
d) P450 aromatase
d) P450 aromatase
What is the primary oestrogen of pregnancy?
a) Oestrone
b) Oestradiol
c) Oestriol
d) Progesterone
c) Oestriol
Which hormone is similar to growth hormone and promotes lipolysis in the mother?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) Oestrogens
d) HPL
d) HPL
Which placental hormone is a negative feedback regulator of FSH?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) Inhibin
d) AFP
c) Inhibin
What is the function of PAPP-A?
a) Prevents glucose uptake in the mother
b) Promotes lipolysis in the mother
c) Cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding protein
d) Regulates GnRH, hCG, and steroids
c) Cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding protein
Which marker is used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) AFP
d) HPL
Which marker is used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) AFP
d) HPL
a) hCG is used to detect germ cell tumors.
c) AFP is used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma.
Prenatal screening tests tend to target anomalies that are:
a) Compatible with life
b) Associated with severe handicap
c) Incompatible with life
d) Easily manageable
What is the purpose of prenatal screening?
a) To provide a definitive diagnosis
b) To determine the risk of a particular disease in the fetus
c) To detect severe anomalies in the fetus
d) To establish the gestational age of the fetus
b) To determine the risk of a particular disease in the fetus
What are the characteristics of a good screening test?
a) High cost and invasive
b) Difficult to perform and unsafe
c) Non-invasive and reproducible
d) Low false positive rate and high false negative rate
c) Non-invasive and reproducible
What are the characteristics of a good screening test?
a) High cost and invasive
b) Difficult to perform and unsafe
c) Non-invasive and reproducible
d) Low false positive rate and high false negative rate
What is the calculated risk of the fetus being affected based on prenatal screening?
a) Low, medium, or high risk
b) 1:1100
c) The detection rate
d) The false positive rate
What is the calculated risk of the fetus being affected based on prenatal screening?
a) Low, medium, or high risk
b) 1:1100
c) The detection rate
d) The false positive rate
a) Low, medium, or high risk
When is amniocentesis usually performed?
c) 15-20 weeks of gestation
Which hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone in early pregnancy?
a) hCG
b) Progesterone
c) Oestrogen
d) HPL
hCG
Which hormone is a negative feedback regulator of FSH?
a) PAPP-A
b) AFP
c) Inhibin
d) Neuropeptide Y
C
Which hormone is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast and has two subunits, a and ß?
a) PAPP-A
b) AFP
c) hCG
d) Neuropeptide Y
c) hCG
Which prenatal screening test is based on population statistics to determine the risk of a specific disease in the unborn fetus?
a) Amniocentesis
b) Chorionic villus sampling
c) Maternal serum biochemistry
d) Doppler ultrasound
c) Maternal serum biochemistry
What is the main purpose of prenatal screening tests?
a) To provide a definitive diagnosis
b) To determine the gender of the fetus
c) To estimate the gestational age
d) To assess the risk of a particular disease
What is the main purpose of prenatal screening tests?
a) To provide a definitive diagnosis
b) To determine the gender of the fetus
c) To estimate the gestational age
d) To assess the risk of a particular disease
d) To assess the risk of a particular disease
What does MoM stand for in prenatal screening reports?
a) Median of Marker
b) Marker of Maternity
c) Mean of Median
d) Multiple of Median
d) Multiple of Median
What is the marker used to screen for neural tube defects?
a) PAPP-A
b) AFP
c) hCG
d) Inhibin
AFP
Which syndrome is associated with an increased nuchal translucency measurement on ultrasound?
a) Down syndrome
b) Edwards syndrome
c) Neural tube defect
d) Turner syndrome
a) Down syndrome
What is the recommended gestational age for performing amniocentesis?
a) 8-13 weeks
b) 15-18 weeks
c) 20-24 weeks
d) 26-30 weeks
b) 15-18 weeks
Which hormone is measured in the second-trimester screen for Down syndrome?
a) AFP
b) PAPP-A
c) total βhCG
d) Unconjugated estriol
c) total βhCG
Which hormone is decreased in the second-trimester screen for Edwards syndrome?
a) AFP
b) PAPP-A
c) Free βhCG
d) Unconjugated estriol
d) Unconjugated estriol
What is the incidence of Down syndrome in South Africa?
a) 1:1000 live births
b) 1:500 live births
c) 1:8000 live births
d) 1:10,000 live births
a) 1:1000 live births
Which type of prenatal screening test uses ultrasound, Doppler, and MRI?
a) Imaging investigations
b) Maternal serum biochemistry
c) Amniocentesis
d) Chorionic villus sampling
a) Imaging investigations
