Chem maters & materials p1 Flashcards
orbital
a region of space around the nucleus where the electrons are most likely to be found
valence electrons
electrons in the outermost energy levels of an atom
chemical bond
an electrostatic force holding atoms together in a molecule or crystal
bond energy
the energy required to break a particular bond in a compound
electrostatic force
force that charged particles exert on each other
covalent bond
a chemical bond that forms when atoms share their outermost electrons
octet rule
atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have 8 electrons outer energy level, giving them the same electron configuration s a noble gass
coordinate band (dative covalent bond)
covalent bond in which both electrons come from the same atom
lone pair
valence electron pair that does not bond or share with other atoms
electronegativity (EN)
a measure of how strong an atom attracts the shared pair of electrons in chemical bond
non-polar bond
a covalent bond in which both atoms attract the bonding electrons equally
polar bond
a covalent bond in which electrons are pulled closer to the atom with the higher electronegativity
Bond length
the distance between the nuclei of covalently bonded atoms
Bond energy
the amount of energy that is required to break one mole of a particular covalent bond in the gaseous state
Bond order
the number of bonds that exist between two atoms
interatomic force
an electrostatic force of attraction between atoms due to the sharing or transfer of electrons
intermolecular force
the attraction between molecules
Hydrogen bonding
a force of attraction between hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine in a molecule and the lone pair of electrons on oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine atom bonded to hydrogen in an adjacent molecule.
vapour pressure
the pressure of gas molecules of a substance in contact with its liquid or solid form
boiling point (b.p.)
the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid equals the external atmospheric pressure surrounding the liquid
