Chem chemical change p2

Question 1

thermodynamics

Answer 1

the study of heat or flow of energy in chemical reactions

Question 2

enthalpy (H)

Answer 2

describes the heat content of a system

Question 3

enthalpy change (ΔH)

Answer 3

the heat added to a system under conditions of standard pressure

Question 4

exothermic reaction

Answer 4

a chemical reaction during which heat energy is transferred to the surroundings

Question 5

exothermic reaction symbols

Answer 5

ΔH < 0

Question 6

endothermic reaction

Answer 6

a chemical reaction during which heat energy is taken from the surroundings

Question 7

endothermic reaction symbols

Answer 7

ΔH > 0

Question 8

activation energy (Eᴀ)

Answer 8

the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction through initial bond breaking, allowing new bonds to be made

Question 9

unit activation energy is measured in

Answer 9

kJ.mol^-1

Question 10

activated complex

Answer 10

an intermediate state in a chemical reaction that is formed while bonds are breaking and new bonds are forming

Question 11

heat

Answer 11

transfer of energy between the system and its surroundings

Question 12

BrØnsted-Lowry definition of an acid

Answer 12

a proton (H^+) donor

Question 13

BrØnsted-Lowry definition of bases

Answer 13

a proton (H^+) acceptor

Question 14

general reaction of the BrØnsted-Lowry theory

Answer 14

HA + B → (BH^+) +A^-

Question 15

monoprotic acids

Answer 15

acids that can only donate one proton

Question 16

polyprotic acids

Answer 16

acids that can donate more than 1 proton

Question 17

diprotic acids

Answer 17

acid that can only donate 2 protons

Question 18

triprotic acid

Answer 18

acid that can donate 3 protons

Question 19

Arrhenius’s definition of an acid

Answer 19

a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H^+) in an aqueous solution

Question 20

Arrhenius’s definition of a base

Answer 20

produces hydroxide ions (HO^-) in a aqueous solution

Question 21

arrhenius theory’s general equation

Answer 21

(H^+) + (OH^-) → H2O

Question 22

conjugate acid-base pair

Answer 22

acid and base related by a proton transfer in an acid-base reaction

Question 23

ampholyte

Answer 23

a substance that can act as either an acid or a base depending on what it is reacting with

Question 24

oxidation

Answer 24

the loss of electrons

Question 25

reduction

Answer 25

is the gain of electrons

Question 26

oxidation number

Answer 26

the oxidation number of an element is a number assigned to each element in a compound in order to keep track of the movement of electrons during a reaction