Chem I Flashcards
what is crude oil?
finite resource found in rocks. remains of ancient biomass
what are hydrocarbons?
compounds containing hydrogen and carbon only
what is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
what is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
what does saturated mean?
contains only c-c single covalent bonds
what does unsaturated mean?
contains at least one c=c double covalent bond.
What is cracking?
larg hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful compounds
what is carboxylic acid?
contain the functional group -COOH
What are polymers?
long chain molecules made from many small monomers
what is complete combustion?
occurs when a fuel burns completely in air
fuel + oxygen—> carbon dioxide and water
what is incomplete combustion?
occurs when there is not enough oxygen. The products are carbon monoxide and water or carbon and water.
what does viscosity mean?
how easily something can flow
what is a mixture?
two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined
How does fractional distillation work?
Crude oil is put at the bottom of a fractionating column and heated so most of it evaporates.
large molecules have high boiling points as they have lots of bonds that need to be broken.
Small molecules have low boiling points as they have less bonds that need to be broken.
They will condense at different places on the fractional column. These are called fractions.
what is the order of oils that are released in the fractions?
(crude oil enters through the bottom)
top: (25 degrees)
liquefied petroleum gases ( fuel for homes)
petrol (fuel for cars)
kerosene (fuel for aircrafts)
diesel (Fuel for some cars and trains)
heavy fuel oil (Fuel for ship and powerstation)
bitumen ( for roads and roofs)
bottom:(350 degrees)
