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MCAT Notes > Chem FLs > Flashcards

Chem FLs Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

How to count amount of steroisomers

A

2^n rule: n = chiral centers

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2
Q

in convection, which way do electrical field lines go? (5)

A

(+) -> (-)

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3
Q

purpose of myelin sheath (6)

A

myelin sheath insulates the axon from the surroundings. This insulation acts to increase the rate of transmission of signals.

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4
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

V = IR

voltage = current x resistance

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5
Q

triacylglycerols composed of and what are they in

A

3 long carbon chains (fatty acids), attached to a glycerol backbone

main component of body fat

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6
Q

what can squalene make

A

fused four-ring system common to cholesterol and all of the steroid hormones.

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7
Q

prostaglandins

A

one central ring with chains coming off of them.

derived from arachidonic acid and have 20 carbon atoms and one 5-carbon ring.

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8
Q

how does a sugar become oxidized and why does this need to happen

A

the ring of a sugar is opened at a hemiacetal to form an aldehyde intermediate

Hemiacetal– oxygen containing ring with an alcohol directly attached to a carbon that is adjacent to the oxygen, the anomeric carbon

anomeric carbon– O close to O attached to sugar

This allows for a sugar to be able to reduce another

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9
Q

which sugar does not have a hemiacetal nor anomeric carbon

A

sucrose

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10
Q

what elutes faster in the polar mobile phase ?

A

polar molecules

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11
Q

is the stationary phase polar or non-polar

A

non-polar

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12
Q

y-axis on lineweaver-burk plot

A

1 / Vmax

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13
Q

Doppler effect, and what machinery is it applied in?

A

frequency of the ultrasound wave as detected by a moving detector to the frequency of the wave when the source is stationary, the speed of the source, and the speed of the detector

ultrasounds, measuring blood flow

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14
Q

what type of bonding has the highest effect on BP?

A

hydrogen bonding

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15
Q

power =

A

work / time

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16
Q

how to pick a good buffer?

A

the pKa needs to fall within 1 pH units of the pH

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17
Q

is L or D better for the body; and why?

A

L, because proteases only recognize is

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18
Q

row number tells:

A

orbital size, principal quantum number, shell

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19
Q

spdf shape

A

s= spherical
p= barbell
d= donut

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20
Q

is a fatty acid only non-polar

A

yes, but not fully

the COOH- makes it a little bit polar

21
Q

what impacts solubility

A

temperature, pressure, polarity, and molecular size

22
Q

what is freezing point dependent on

A

intermolecular forces and solutes

23
Q

when is boiling point

A

vapor pressure equals the ambient pressure

24
Q

raoults law

A

vapor pressure and freezing point are are lowered as the number of moles of dissolved solute increases

25
Q

boiling point and H bonding relationship

A

boiling point decreases as H-bonding decreases

26
Q

what side are electrons on in oxidation, and why

A

product, because the reaction is losing electrons

27
Q

Bose-Einstein Principle

A

when separate atoms are cooled to absolute 0, they consolidate into a single quantum entity.

28
Q

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

A

its impossible to be absolutely certain of the position and momentum of an electron simultaneously

29
Q

by Le Chat, what will happen to the reaction if temperature increases

A

be an endothermic reaction

(exothermic for decreasing temperature)

30
Q

by Le Chat, what side will things be favored to shift if pressure increases

A

shifts to the side with fewer molecules

31
Q

Kcat, Km, catalytic efficiency

A

Kcat: turnover number– product formed per second by an enzyme

Km: enzyme-substrate affinity

Catalytic efficiency: Kcat/Km
- a measure of an enzyme’s efficiency in catalyzing a reaction

32
Q
  • one is what functional group
A

ketone

33
Q
  • ol is what functional group
A

alcohol

34
Q

what happens to ubiquinone in C III

A

(Coenzyme Q)

electron carrier that is reduced to ubiquinol in Complex III

35
Q

Flavins and describe structure

A

derived from riboflavin and often used as cofactors to nucleotides

3 rings, looks like caterpillar cause of 2 =O

36
Q

nucleotide derivatives

A

NAD and FAD

37
Q

are purines or pyrmadines 2-ringed

A

pyrimadines

38
Q

exergonic reaction:
- E release or absorb
- deltG value
- spontaneity

A
  • release
  • negative
  • spontaneous

(opposite in endergonic)

39
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the force of gravity

p = (density) (gravity) (depth)

40
Q

boyle

A

PV = PV

41
Q

charles

A

V / T = V /T

42
Q

avogadro

A

V / n = V / n

43
Q

pyrrole

A

5-mem aromatic ring with an N in it

44
Q

Flourescence

A

emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy in the form of EMR

emitted photon has smaller energy than absorbed one

radiation, wavelength, and energy are inversely proportional

45
Q

where do amino acids (except for glycine) have their chiral atom

A

the alpha carbon

46
Q

what combo of H and G will never be spontaneous, but any other combo of them is spontaneous (unless all are positive)

A

both positive

47
Q

reaction of an Sn2 leads to what to the molecule

A

an inversion of the stereochem

S -> R and vice versa

48
Q
A

MCAT Notes (9 decks)

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