Chem FLs

Question 1

How to count amount of steroisomers

Answer 1

2^n rule: n = chiral centers

Question 2

in convection, which way do electrical field lines go? (5)

Answer 2

(+) -> (-)

Question 3

purpose of myelin sheath (6)

Answer 3

myelin sheath insulates the axon from the surroundings. This insulation acts to increase the rate of transmission of signals.

Question 4

Ohm’s Law

Answer 4

V = IR

voltage = current x resistance

Question 5

triacylglycerols composed of and what are they in

Answer 5

3 long carbon chains (fatty acids), attached to a glycerol backbone

main component of body fat

Question 6

what can squalene make

Answer 6

fused four-ring system common to cholesterol and all of the steroid hormones.

Question 7

prostaglandins

Answer 7

one central ring with chains coming off of them.

derived from arachidonic acid and have 20 carbon atoms and one 5-carbon ring.

Question 8

how does a sugar become oxidized and why does this need to happen

Answer 8

the ring of a sugar is opened at a hemiacetal to form an aldehyde intermediate

Hemiacetal– oxygen containing ring with an alcohol directly attached to a carbon that is adjacent to the oxygen, the anomeric carbon

anomeric carbon– O close to O attached to sugar

This allows for a sugar to be able to reduce another

Question 9

which sugar does not have a hemiacetal nor anomeric carbon

Answer 9

sucrose

Question 10

what elutes faster in the polar mobile phase ?

Answer 10

polar molecules

Question 11

is the stationary phase polar or non-polar

Answer 11

non-polar

Question 12

y-axis on lineweaver-burk plot

Answer 12

1 / Vmax

Question 13

Doppler effect, and what machinery is it applied in?

Answer 13

frequency of the ultrasound wave as detected by a moving detector to the frequency of the wave when the source is stationary, the speed of the source, and the speed of the detector

ultrasounds, measuring blood flow

Question 14

what type of bonding has the highest effect on BP?

Answer 14

hydrogen bonding

Question 15

power =

Answer 15

work / time

Question 16

how to pick a good buffer?

Answer 16

the pKa needs to fall within 1 pH units of the pH

Question 17

is L or D better for the body; and why?

Answer 17

L, because proteases only recognize is

Question 18

row number tells:

Answer 18

orbital size, principal quantum number, shell

Question 19

spdf shape

Answer 19

s= spherical
p= barbell
d= donut

Question 20

is a fatty acid only non-polar

Answer 20

yes, but not fully

the COOH- makes it a little bit polar

Question 21

what impacts solubility

Answer 21

temperature, pressure, polarity, and molecular size

Question 22

what is freezing point dependent on

Answer 22

intermolecular forces and solutes

Question 23

when is boiling point

Answer 23

vapor pressure equals the ambient pressure

Question 24

raoults law

Answer 24

vapor pressure and freezing point are are lowered as the number of moles of dissolved solute increases

Question 25

boiling point and H bonding relationship

Answer 25

boiling point decreases as H-bonding decreases

Question 26

what side are electrons on in oxidation, and why

Answer 26

product, because the reaction is losing electrons

Question 27

Bose-Einstein Principle

Answer 27

when separate atoms are cooled to absolute 0, they consolidate into a single quantum entity.

Question 28

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Answer 28

its impossible to be absolutely certain of the position and momentum of an electron simultaneously

Question 29

by Le Chat, what will happen to the reaction if temperature increases

Answer 29

be an endothermic reaction (exothermic for decreasing temperature)

Question 30

by Le Chat, what side will things be favored to shift if pressure increases

Answer 30

shifts to the side with fewer molecules

Question 31

Kcat, Km, catalytic efficiency

Answer 31

Kcat: turnover number-- product formed per second by an enzyme Km: enzyme-substrate affinity Catalytic efficiency: Kcat/Km - a measure of an enzyme's efficiency in catalyzing a reaction

Question 32

- one is what functional group

Answer 32

ketone

Question 33

- ol is what functional group

Answer 33

alcohol

Question 34

what happens to ubiquinone in C III

Answer 34

(Coenzyme Q) electron carrier that is reduced to ubiquinol in Complex III

Question 35

Flavins and describe structure

Answer 35

derived from riboflavin and often used as cofactors to nucleotides 3 rings, looks like caterpillar cause of 2 =O

Question 36

nucleotide derivatives

Answer 36

NAD and FAD

Question 37

are purines or pyrmadines 2-ringed

Answer 37

pyrimadines

Question 38

exergonic reaction: - E release or absorb - deltG value - spontaneity

Answer 38

- release - negative - spontaneous (opposite in endergonic)

Question 39

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 39

pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the force of gravity p = (density) (gravity) (depth)

Question 40

boyle

Answer 40

PV = PV

Question 41

charles

Answer 41

V / T = V /T

Question 42

avogadro

Answer 42

V / n = V / n

Question 43

pyrrole

Answer 43

5-mem aromatic ring with an N in it

Question 44

Flourescence

Answer 44

emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy in the form of EMR emitted photon has smaller energy than absorbed one radiation, wavelength, and energy are inversely proportional

Question 45

where do amino acids (except for glycine) have their chiral atom

Answer 45

the alpha carbon

Question 46

what combo of H and G will never be spontaneous, but any other combo of them is spontaneous (unless all are positive)

Answer 46

both positive

Question 47

reaction of an Sn2 leads to what to the molecule

Answer 47

an inversion of the stereochem S -> R and vice versa