Chem eqm

Question 1

Irreversible

Answer 1

1. Chem rxn taking place in 1 direction only
2. Limiting reagant present
   3.Chem rxn goes to completion and only produced at the end

Question 2

Reversible

Answer 2

1. Chem rxn takes places in 2 directions
2. No limiting reagent
3. Chem rxn does not go to completion
4. Forward and backward rxns take place simultaneously both reactants and products remain at the end

Question 3

Arrow

Answer 3

Reversible
2 half arrows pointing in opposite directions

Irreversible
Full arrow pointing in only one direction

Question 4

Types of equilibrium

Answer 4

1.Static
2.Dynamic

Question 5

Static

Answer 5

No movement
Rate of forward and backward rxns =0
Occurs when there ix no exchange between reactants and products
E.g.: C(graphite) To C (diamond)

Question 6

Dynamic

Answer 6

1. Opposing movements at same rate
2. Achieved in a closed system/vessel
   3.Rate of forward= rate of backward
   4.concentration of reactants and products do not change

Question 7

Conc & rate graphs of dynamic eqm

Answer 7

-

Question 8

Kc formula

Answer 8

[C]^c[D]^d /[A]^a[B]^b where C and D are products and A and B are reactants

All of them are raised to their stochiometric ratio

Question 9

What does Kc mean

Answer 9

Kc is an eqm constant representing the ratio of eqm conc of prod to reactants. It is only affected by temperature

Question 10

Things that are not included

Answer 10

Solvents such as water not included as change in their concentration is negligible as they are present in large excess.

Solids are not included as their conc=density remains rather constant since vol and mass decrease proportionally hence density/conc remains unchanged

Question 11

Kp formula

Answer 11

(PC)^c (PD)^d/(PA)^a (PB)^b

P is partial pressure

Question 12

Partial pressure formula

Answer 12

PA= nA/ntotal x Ptotal

Question 13

What is Kp

Answer 13

Ratio of eqm partial pressure of products to reactants

Question 14

Le Chatelier’s Principle

Answer 14

A system @ eqm when subjected to change will shift its POE to partially oppose effect of change in order to reach new eqm

Question 15

POE

Answer 15

proportion of products to reactants in an eqm mixture

Question 16

Conc change

Answer 16

effect on POE

Question 17

Effect of partial pressure

Answer 17

on POE

Question 18

Effect of temp

Answer 18

on POE

Question 19

How graph reflects changes in conc/partial pressure when

Answer 19

1.when reactants added
2. Reactants change
3.Products change

Extent of change depends on stochiometric ratio

Question 20

Catalyst on Kc/Kp

Answer 20

the use of a catalyst does not in anyway affect the value of Kc/Kp
It allows for the eqm to be established more rapidly
E.g. Finely divided iron in haver process

Question 21

Haber Process

Answer 21

🔺 H <0 N2+3H2 –>(half arrow reversible) 2NH3

Low temp to increase rate of forward rxn at 450C

Pressure High to increase forward rxn at 250atm

Question 22

Rate of haber increase

Answer 22

High conc of N2 and H2
Using finely divided Fe catalyst

Question 23

Yield of haber increase

Answer 23

continuous flow process ,NH3 continuously removed as it forms