Chem Chpt 7&8 Test Flashcards
List categories that consists of elements that usually exist as 2+ ions.
Alkali earth metals
Lines in hydrogen spectrum represent …
Each line of the element is a photon emitted when an electron drops to a lower energy level
Wave frequency is usually measured in …
Hertz
The maximum number of valence electrons an atom may have …
8
Who developed the periodic table of elements?
Mendeleev
Light consists of …
Tiny bundles or “packets” of energy called photons
How must the frequency change if a wavelength of a light wave decreases?
Frequency increases
Amplitude of a wave is considered a measure of …
The wave’s strength
Individual “packets” or quanta of light energy is called…
Photon
The lowest energy state of an atom is called …
Ground state
Principal quantum describes…
Electron she’ll or main energy level of the electron
Know the probable formula of bromide of beryllium…
BeBr2
Which of the following categories includes nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine and krypton ?
Nitrogen- nonmetal
Oxygen- nonmetal
Chlorine- halogen
Krypton- noble gases
Name alkali metals…
Group 2 metals
+2 charge
Name instrument used to study elemental composition of stars by observing the spectrum of a star and comparing it to the spectra of elements on Earth.
Spectrometer
Vanadium, platinum and gold are part of what categories…
Transition metals
Know why electron configuration is important to chemistry.
Easy way and more instructive to represent these outer energy level electrons as dots
Boron has how many valence electrons?
3 valence electrons
Know the Lewis symbol for phosphorus
5 valence electrons
Know electron configuration of silicon
4 electrons
Tin has how many valence electrons?
4 valence
Know formula for fluoride of nitrogen
NF3?
Know why the 4s orbital fills before the 3D orbital
Because electrons repel each other and in order to make sure that in the 3rd subs he’ll only 18 electrons are in it, 4s must fill before 3d.
What is aufbau principle ?
Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbital available, filling in orbitals or successively higher energies until all the electrons are distributed
What is Hund’s rule?
When a p,d,or f subshell is being filled, one electron will occupy each orbital in that subshell before pairing begins
What is the law of octaves?
When he arranged the known elements in order of increasing atomic masses, he noticed that there was a repetition of similar properties every eighth element. That is, the first was like the eighth, the second like the ninth and so on.
What is Pauli exclusion principle?
States that no two electrons in an atom may have the same set of four quantum numbers
What is periodic law?
Is that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic masses
What is quantum theory of light?
States that light consists of tiny bundles or “packets” of energy called photons
What is theory of relativity ?
theory, formulated essentially by Albert Einstein, that all motion must be defined relative to a frame of reference and that space and time are relative, rather than absolute concepts: it consists of two principal parts
What is the uncertainty principle?
It is impossible to simultaneously determine the momentum( mass times velocity) and the position of an electron with precision; either momentum or position may be measured but not both
Understand and explain Rutherford’s, Bohr’s and Born’s models of the atom and explain problems that led to the replacement of Rutherford’s and Bohr’s models.
Rutherford- planets orbiting the sun, his model contradicted laws of physics because his model would end up having the planets crouch into core nucleus and destroy atom
Bohr- electrons in atom can only move about in specific orbits, his model only works for hydrogen atom but not accurate for any other kinds of elements
Born- electrons have orbitals, or areas in which they move freely around atom, his model called, electron cloud model, his is the most correct model to date
Neither model was full correct in its explanation of the atom and it’s electrons, so Born came up with his model, the electron cloud model, which is now considered to be the most accurate representation of the atom and its electrons
True/False
The high points of a wave are called crests.
True
T/F
When an element is vaporized and heated in a flame or an electric arc, the light emitted forms a continuous spectrum.
False
Scattered lines of color
T/F
The theory that regards light as consisting of tiny packets of energy that have characteristics of both particles and waves is the matter wave theory of light.
False
Wave particle duality
The arrangement of all forms of electromagnetic radiation in order of frequency and wavelength is the electromagnetic spectrum.
True
T/F
To three significant figures, the speed of light in a vacuum is 1.82 x 10(5) m/s. - ask me about this
False
3.0(10^8 meters/second)
T/F
The distance between two corresponding points on successive waves is called wavelength.
True
T/F
Elements in the same column of the periodic table belong to the same period.
False
Group
T/F
The group of elements referred to as the salt formers because they commonly react with metals to form salts is the chalcogens.
False
halogens
The number of complete waves that pass by a point in a given time is the wave’s amplitude.
False
Frequency
T/F
The low points of a wave are called valleys.
False
Troughs
Describe magnetic quantum number.
Orientation of subshell in 3D space
