Chem 12-13 Flashcards

1
Q

What category includes emulsions, foams, sols, and gel?

A

Colloid

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2
Q

What is a mixture containing tiny clumps or particles that remain suspended within the mixture and will not settle out?

A

Colloid

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3
Q

True or false— a catalyst increases the activation energy of a chemical reaction? 4.

A

False

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4
Q

What type of substance is the scattering of light known as the Tyndall effect a characteristic of ?

A

Colloid

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5
Q
  1. True or false— if two substances in the same phase are miscible , they are completely soluble in each other?
A

True

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6
Q

When a liquid in a closed container reaches a state of equilibrium with its vapor, which of the following is true? 7

A

The number of molecules evaporating and condensing are equal

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7
Q

What is the attraction of a substance to the surface of a solid called?

A

Adsorption

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8
Q

What is the total heat absorbed or released when one substance dissolves in another?

A

Enthalpy of solution

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9
Q

When a solution reaches a state of equilibrium, why does the amount of undissolved solid remain constant?

A

The rate of crystallization equals the rate of dissolution

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10
Q

What do colligative properties primarily depend upon?

A

Concentration of the solution

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11
Q

In a solution of glucose in water, what is the glucose?

A

Solute

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12
Q
  1. How does increasing concentration usually affect the rate of a reaction?
A

Increases the rate of reaction

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13
Q
  1. Describe chain reaction
A

A chemical reaction in which the products of one reaction step cause other reactions to occur

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14
Q

Describe enzyme

A

A protein catalyst found in living organisms

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15
Q

Describe inhibitor

A

A substance that slows down the rate of a reaction

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16
Q

Describe rate-determining step

A

A reaction in a proposed series that has a greater activation energy than the others and thus occurs more slowly

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17
Q

Describe reaction mechanism

A

A series of steps describing the way in which a chemical reaction proceeds

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18
Q

Describe solution

A

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

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19
Q
  1. True/False
    If false replace italicized word or in parenthesis to make statement true

The erratic movement of colloidal particles due to random molecular collisions that keep them suspended is known as (Brownian motion)

A

True

20
Q
  1. Substances that dissolve in water to produce ions that can conduct an electrical current are called (colloids).
A

False - electrolytes

21
Q

The energy diagram below represents an (endothermic) reaction.

A

False - Exothermic

22
Q
  1. The minimum kinetic energy that a molecule must possess to undergo a chemical reaction is called the (potential) energy.
A

Activation energy

23
Q
  1. Tiny, emulsified droplets of grease or oil suspended in water by soap molecules are (micelles).
A

True

24
Q
  1. A solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible under equilibrium conditions is (saturated).
A

True

25
Q
  1. When two opposite processes continuously occur at equal rates so that they offset each other, the system is said to be in a state of (balanced) equilibrium.
A

False - dynamic

26
Q
  1. An ion or molecule surrounded by water molecules in aqueous solution is (hydrated).
A

True

27
Q
  1. The quantity of a solute for a given quantity of solution or solvent is known as (concentration).
A

True

28
Q
  1. Which of the following best explains why a catalyst increases the rate of reaction?
A

It reduces activation energy

29
Q
  1. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the phrase “like dissolves like”?
A

Substances with similar intermolecular forces will dissolve in each other more readily

30
Q
  1. At 20 degrees celsious, the rate of a particles reaction is 0.001M/s; what is the rate expected to be at 60 degrees celsious, assuming all other factors remain the same?
A

0.001-(2)(2)(2)(2)

31
Q
  1. Two compartments, labeled “A” and “B,” are separated by a semipermeable membrane. What happens if compartment A is filled with honey (a solution of sugar dissolved in water) and compartment B is filled with distilled water?
A

There is a net flow of water from B. To A.

32
Q
  1. Which of the following combinations is most likely to be completely miscible?
A

Water and isopropyl alcohol

33
Q
  1. Which of the following substances would you expect to be most soluble in a nonpolar solvent such as gasoline?
A

Water(polar)

34
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a colloid?
A

Sugar water

35
Q
  1. When a solid is dissolved in a liquid solvent, does increasing the temperature tend to increase or decrease the solubility of the solid?
A

Increase

36
Q
  1. When a gas is dissolved in a liquid solvent, does increasing the temperature tend to increase or to decrease the solubility of the gas?
A

Decrease

37
Q

What term refers to a solution that contains more solute than is ordinarily possible under equilibrium conditions?

A

Supersaturated

38
Q

Does adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid tend to raise or to lower its boiling point?

A

Raise

39
Q
  1. What term refers to a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction?
A

Catalyst

40
Q
  1. Does increasing the temperature of a liquid tend to increase or to decrease its vapor pressure?
A

Increase

41
Q

47.. Does adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid tend to increase or to decrease its vapor pressure?

A

Decrease

42
Q
  1. Calculate the molar its of a solution prepared by dissolving 80.0 g hydrogen fluoride in water to make 500.0mL of solution; the molar mass of HF is 20.01 g/mol.
A

Q

43
Q
  1. A chemist needs to prepare 2.50 L of 0.100 M ammonia. How much concentrated (14.8 M) ammonia does he need?
A

Q

44
Q
  1. Determine the freezing point of a solution containing 50.0 g of sucrose dissolved in 750. g water; round to the nearest 0.01 degrees celsious. See question for more information.
A

Q

45
Q

Essay: explain why a can of soft drink would be expected to fizz much more when opened at the peak of Mt. Everest (P atm =260 torr) than when opened at sea level (P atm =760 torr).

A

Q

46
Q

What does the field of chemical kinetics involve?

A

Reaction rate and pathways