Chem - Bonding Flashcards
Ionic
Transfer of electrons, form ions; typically between a metal amd nonmetal
Covalent
Sharing of electrons; typically between nonmetals
Metallic
Electron pooling; typically between metals
Monatomic ion
A single atom with a positive or negative charge
Polyatomic ion
A group of atoms with a positive or negative charge
Octet rule
Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve stable electron configuration
Ionic compounds
Compounds are neutral due to combined opposite charges; salts, electrolytes
Coordinate/dative bond
All shared electrons come from the same atom
VSEPR (valence electron pair repulsion) Theory
Each group of valence electrons around a central atom is located as far as possible from the others due to repulsions
Molecular Polarity
Depends on shape and bond polarity; nonpolar if all polar bonds cancel out due to equal pulls in all directions
Valence bond theory
Covalent bonds form when the orbitals of 2 atoms overlap and a pair of electrons occupy the overlap region
Orbital hybridization
Valence orbitals in isolated atoms are combined to form new orbitals, allowing for observed molecular shapes; number of hybrid orbitals determined by the number of electron groups surrounding an atom
Sigma bond
End to end overlap of orbitals along the bond axis, allows rotation
Pi bonds
Sideways overlap of p orbitals above and below the bond axis, can not rotate
Single bonds contain
1 sigma bond
Double bonds contain
1 sigma and 1 pi bond
Triple bonds contain
1 sigma and 2 pi bonds
Dual polarity
Molecules can contain polar and nonpolar regions
Chemical reaction
Changing old substances (reactants) into new substances (products) by breaking and making bonds
Combination/synthesis reaction
Multiple reactants combine to form a single product; A+B -> AB
Decomposition Reaction
A single reactant breaks down into multiple products; AB -> A+B
Single Replacement/Displacement Reaction
Atoms of one element replace atoms of another element in a compound; A+BC -> B+AC
Double replacement reaction
Multiple conpounds exchange atoms; AB+CD -> CB+AD
Combustion reaction
A substance reacts with molecular oxygen
Spectator ions
Ions that do not impact the reaction, same on both sides of the net ionic equation
