Chem - Basics

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Both has mass and takes up space (volume)

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

How much matter

Question 3

Weight

Answer 3

How much force

Question 4

Substance

Answer 4

Matter of uniform and defined composition, made up of only 1 kind of matter

Question 5

Element

Answer 5

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances, simplest type of substance with unique properties

Question 6

Law of definite proportions

Answer 6

A compound contains the same elements in the same proportions regardless of sample size and source

Question 7

Empirical Formula

Answer 7

Lowest whole number of moles, gives relative number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 8

Molecular formula

Answer 8

Actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 9

Structural formula

Answer 9

Shows placement and connections of atoms in a molecule

Question 10

Physical properties

Answer 10

Properties shown by the substance itself, without interactions with another substance

Question 11

Chemical properties

Answer 11

Properties shown by a substance when it interacts with or transforms into other substances

Question 12

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 12

Matter can neither be created nor destroyed

Question 13

Solution

Answer 13

A homogeneous mixture of multiple substances

Question 14

Miscible

Answer 14

A substance that is infinitely soluble in another substance

Question 15

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Answer 15

All matter is composed of atoms; atoms of one element are identical to each other and different than atoms of another element; atoms can only change when combined with other elements

Question 16

Atomic number (Z)

Answer 16

Characteristic number of protons in the nucleus of atoms of a particular element, identifies element

Question 17

N number (N)

Answer 17

Number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, identifies isotopes

Question 18

Mass number (A)

Answer 18

Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, identifies mass

Question 19

Isotope

Answer 19

An atom of an element with the same number protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 20

Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)

Answer 20

A unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 21

Ion

Answer 21

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge

Question 22

Molarity (M)

Answer 22

Concentration of solute in a solution, M = n/L (molarity = moles solute/litres of solution)

Question 23

Valence Electrons

Answer 23

Electrons involved in bond formation, typically held in the outermoat shell

Question 24

Alkali metals

Answer 24

Basic in water, group 1 or IA

Question 25

Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 25

Group 2 or IIA

Question 26

Transition Metals

Answer 26

Groups 3-12 or B groups

Question 27

Halogens

Answer 27

Salt makers, group 17 or VIIA

Question 28

Noble/Inert Gases

Answer 28

Full valence shell, stable, group 18 or VIIIA

Question 29

Metals

Answer 29

Left of staircase; high heat and conductivity, malleable, ductile, lustrous, mostly solids

Question 30

Nonmetals

Answer 30

Right of staircase; poor conductors, mostly gases

Question 31

Metalloids

Answer 31

Border staircase; intermediate properties

Question 32

Periodic Law

Answer 32

When elements are arranged by increasing atomic number properties will repeat and form patterns

Question 33

Atomic size trend (periodic table)

Answer 33

Decreases across a period due to added protons having a stronger pull on the valence shell; increases down a group as additional shells are formed

Question 34

Electron shielding

Answer 34

Core electrons block the nuclear charge over outer electrons

Question 35

Electron shielding trend (periodic table)

Answer 35

Stays constant across a period due to containing the same number of core electrons; increases down a group as more core shells are added

Question 36

Ionization energy (IE)

Answer 36

The amount of energy required for the complete removal of an electron from an atom or ion

Question 37

Ionization energy trend (periodic table)

Answer 37

Increases across a period due to the stronger pull of protons on electrons; decreases down a group due to electrons being further from the nucleus and therefore shielded from proton attraction

Question 38

Successive Ionization Energy

Answer 38

Energy required to remove successive electrons; increases with each electron due to increased positive charge, massive increase when full outer shell is removed and the new outer shell is complete

Question 39

Cation

Answer 39

Loss of electron; positive charge, smaller atomic size

Question 40

Anion

Answer 40

Addition of electron; negative charge, larger atomic size due to dilution of positive charge

Question 41

Electronegativity

Answer 41

Ability of an atom in a covalent bond to attract the shared electron pair

Question 42

Polar covalent bond

Answer 42

A bond in which the electron pair is not shared equally due to differences in electronegativity, causes the molecule to have partially charged regions

Question 43

Electronegativity trend (periodic table)

Answer 43

Increases across period due to stronger positive force of protons on electrons; decreases down a group due to weaker positive force of protons on electrons