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Biology For Non Science Majors > Chem. Basis Of Life > Flashcards

Chem. Basis Of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. More common than pure elements.

A

Compound

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2
Q

An element that is essential for life but required in extremely minute amounts.

A

Trace elements

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3
Q

Smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element. From Greek word meaning “indivisible”.

A

Atom

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4
Q

A subatomic particle with a single positive charge. (+)

A

Proton

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5
Q

A subatomic particle with a single negative charge. (-)

A

Electron

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6
Q

A subatomic particle having no electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom.

A

Neutron

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7
Q

(1) An atoms central core, containing protons and neutrons.

(2) The organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made of chromatin.

A

Nucleus (nuclei)

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8
Q

The number of protons in each atom of a particular element.

A

Atomic number

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9
Q

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus

A

Mass number

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10
Q

One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons and behave Identically in chemical reactionS, but a different number Of neuTrOns.

A

Isotopes

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11
Q

An isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving of particles and energy

A

Radioactive isotope

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12
Q

A level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom. (The out-laying layers around an atom. An atom may have one, two or more of these.)

A

Electron shells

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13
Q

Outer most Electron shell.

A

Valence shell

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14
Q

An attraCtion between two atoms resulting from a sHaring of outer-shell Electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoMs. The BONDed atoms gain complete outer Electron shells.

A

Chemical bonds

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15
Q

A type of strong chemical bond in which TWO atoms share one or more pairs of VALence electrons.

A

Covalent bond

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16
Q

Two or More atOms heLd together by covalent bonds.

A

Molecule

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17
Q

The attraction of a given atom for the ELECtroNs of a covalEnt bond.

A

Electronegativity

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18
Q

A COVALENT BOND between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are Pulled clOser to the more electronegative atom, making it sLightly negAtive and the otheR atom slightly positive.

A

Polar covalent bond

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19
Q

A type of COVALENT BOND in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity.

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

20
Q

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from a gaIn Or loss of oNe or more electrons.

A

Ion

21
Q

A chemical BOND resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged atoms.

A

Ionic bond

22
Q

A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond. (Sodium chloride)

A

Salt

23
Q

A type of weak chemical BOND formed when the slightly positive HYDROGEN atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule (or in another region of the same molecule.)

A

Hydrogen bond

24
Q

A MOLECULE containing POLAR covalent bonds and having an unequal distribution of charges in different regions of the molecule.

A

Polar molecule

25
Q

The MAKING AND BREAKING of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter.

A

Chemical reactions

26
Q

A starting material in a chemical REACTion.

A

Reactants

27
Q

The material resulting from the chemical reaction.

A

Product

28
Q

The tendency of molecules of the same kind to STICK together.

A

Cohesion

29
Q

The CLINGing of one substance to another.

A

Adhesion

30
Q

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

A

Surface tension

31
Q

The ENERGY associated with THE Random Movement of Atoms and moLecules.

A

Thermal energy

32
Q

Thermal energy in transfer from a warmer to a cooler body of matter.

A

Heat

33
Q

Measures the intensity of heat, that is, the average speed of molecules in a body of matter.

A

Temperature

34
Q

The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during EVAPORATION.

A

Evaporative cooling

35
Q

A liquid consisting of a uniform mixture of two or more substances

A

Solution

36
Q

The dissolving agent.

A

Solvent

37
Q

A substance that is dissolved. Eg : salt

A

Solute

38
Q

A solution in which water is the solvent.

A

Aqueous solution

39
Q

Best described as a MINGLING of molecules and/or ions.

A

Dissolving

40
Q

A substance that donates hydrogen (H+) ions to solutions.

A

Acid

41
Q

A substance that reduces the hydrogen (H+) ion concentration of a solution.

A

Base

42
Q

A measure of the acidity of a solution, ranging in value from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic). [The letters pH stand for potential hydrogen and refer to the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+).]

A

pH scale

43
Q

Substance that minimize changes in pH.

A

Buffers

44
Q

Decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels.

A

Ocean acidification

45
Q

A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means.

A

Element

Biology For Non Science Majors (3 decks)

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