chem Flashcards
the smallest carbohydrate molecule
monosaccharide
storage form of sugar in body
glycogen
organic substances not include
water
smallest molecule of fat
fatty acid
contain 9 calories per gram
lipids
storage form of lipids in the body
triglycerides
speed up chemical reactions
enzymes
essential nutrients
nutrients that can’t be made by the body
which is polysaccharide
cellulose
not require the expenditure of atp energy
facilitated diffusion
not true avout lipid bilateral cell membrane
made of cholesterol
make ‘complete’ protein you would eat
soy and rice
what is concentration gradient
when there is a different concentration in and outside of the cell
in osmosis which way does water move
towards the hypertonic solution
which is true
the body can make fat out of excess glucose
another word for synthesis
anabolism
no ‘essential’ nutrients in food group
carbohydrates
sucrose (table sugar)
disaccharide
where protiens stored in body
no where
which element only found in protien
nitrogen
ph of 4 is
acidic
proton carry what charge
positive
salts are formed by combining
acids and bases
what is glycogen
storage form of glucose
transfats are associated with
heart disease
not made out of a cholesterol molecule
triglycerides
contains atoms that are always different
compounds
high dietary intake of these is associated with increase risk in heart disease
saturated fats
600 mg made by liver every day
cholesterol
what is smallest molecule of protien
amino acid
smallest basic unit of matter
atom
elements only commonly found in the body
oxygen
Carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
negative charged particle
electron
what is salt
molecule
positively charged particle
proton
contain any type of atoms together
molecule
is found in a “shell” surrounding nucleus
electron
can be shared donated or stolen
electron
nucleus contains these two particles
proton
neutron
the weight of the atom is equal to these two things
atom
proton
the magic particle in an atom that makes molecules stick together
electron
acid
inorganic compound
carbohydrate
organic compounds
fat
organic compound
protein
organic
water
inorganic compound
salt
inorganic compound
first electron she’ll holds how many electrons?
how many do other shells hold?
2,
9
what happens when outer shell of an atom doesn’t have the full amount of electrons?
it is unstable and will donate or steal
what is free radicals and what cause them?
Unstable oxygen molecules
wrong # of electrons in outermost shell
cause: exposure to radiation, poisonous chemicals.
what helps inactivate free radicals and where can we get some ?
antioxidants found in meats and grains
how is an ionic bond formed ?
will it dissolve in water ?
by donating/stealing electrons
yes
how is a covalent bond formed ?
will it dissolve in water?
by sharing electrons
no
what is the major advantage of hydrogen bonding and what does it alter the shape of?
protein
3D
what are the properties of acid ?
what is the pH of acid ?
sour
what are the properties of a base ?
what is the pH of a base ?
what is the pH of blood ?
soapy
how are salts formed and give an example
acid+base,
NaCl
list several properties of water and an example of each
solvent -dissolve in water
is also involved in chemical reactions
lubricant - major component of salvia, mucus, tears
buoyant - can float on it.
reduce stress In weight bearing joints, surrounds every cell in the body.
thin fluids- reduce viscosity of body fluids. ex: walking thru water vs walking thru syrup.
