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massage > bones > Flashcards

bones Flashcards

1
Q

list function and purposes of the skeletal system.

A

framework attachment tissues/muscles, protection of organs, movement, mineral homeostasis for Ca and P, Fat storage in yellow bone marrow, RBC,WBC production in red bone marrow

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2
Q

the long shaft of the bone is covered by compact bone and is called.

A

diaphysis

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3
Q

plasty

A

repair

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4
Q

porosis

A

holey

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5
Q

blast

A

build

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6
Q

clast

A

break

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7
Q

ossi/o

A

bone

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8
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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9
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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10
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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11
Q

syn

A

together

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12
Q

peri

A

around

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13
Q

intra

A

within

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14
Q

trophy

A

grow

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15
Q

algia

A

pain

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16
Q

dys

A

difficult

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17
Q

the outer covering of bone is the

A

periosteum

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18
Q

the part of the bone that contains the epiphseal plate is

A

metaphysis

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19
Q

the inner lining of bone is the -

and the outer lining is-

A

endosteum

periosteum

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20
Q

the part of the bone which contains the yellow marrow, vessels and nerves is

A

diaphysis

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21
Q

the part of bone contains red bone marrow and connects to the growth plate

A

epiphysis

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22
Q

this part of bone contains nerve ENDINGS and is made of dense irregular connective tissue

A

periosteum

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23
Q

this part of bone is mostly made of spongy bone

A

epiphysis

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24
Q

hyaline cartilage at the ends of the bone is known as - cartilage

A

articular

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25
Q

this part of the bone contains stem cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A

endosteum

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26
Q

bone is mostly made up of what four things?

A

water,

collagen protien, minerals, cells

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27
Q

mature bone cells

A

osteocytes

28
Q

osteogenic cells

A

stem cells

29
Q

secrete collagen and minerals

A

osteoblasts

30
Q

release acids to resorpt bone

A

osteoclasts

31
Q

located in the endosteum

A

stem cells
osteoblasts
osteoclasts

32
Q

calcified rings around canal

A

lamellae

33
Q

contains osteocytes

A

lacunae

34
Q

structural unit of compact bone

A

osteon

35
Q

routes for nutrients and wastes

A

canaliculi

36
Q

contains vessels and Nerves

A

canals

37
Q

structural unit of spongy bone

A

trabeculae

38
Q

paths leading out from lucunae

A

canaliculi

39
Q

red bone marrow

what is its purpose and where is it found?

A

make blood cells (RBC and WBC)

located in epiphysis of long bones and also spongy bones (ribs,skull,sternum, hip bones)

40
Q

yellow bone marrow

what is its purpose and where is it found?

A

nutrition- storage of fat in diaphysis (medullary cavity)

41
Q

spongy bone: what are two purposes? what 4 bones contain a lot of it

A

reduce bone weight, handle mutidirectional stresses, red bone marrow skull, sternum, ribs, pelvis

42
Q

nutrient Forman: where is it located and what is it for?

A

hole in diaphysis of bone, entry point of vessels(nerve, artery, vein, lymph)

43
Q

nerve endings:

where are they located in bone ? why?

A

periosteum- pain sensors on outside of bone for protection- closer to point of potential damage

44
Q

what is the definition of ossification ?

A

making bone

45
Q

what is the structural unit of spongy bone called

A

trabeculae

46
Q

what is the structural unit of compact bone called?

A

osteon

47
Q

primary ossification: where does it occur?

A

diaphysis (forms medullary cavity)

48
Q

what happens during primary ossification ?

A

cartilage-calcification - spongy bone(trabeculae)-osteo clasts- resorpt cartilage - medullary cavity

49
Q

secondary ossification. where does it occur?

A

epiphysis (to form spongy bone and red bone marrow)

50
Q

what happens during secondary ossification ?

A

cartilage - calcification - spongy bone -calcification -compact bone and periosteum also forms hyaline cartilage - articular cartilage

51
Q

epiphyseal plate/line where is it located ? what is it for?

A

located in the metaphysis of long bones. this is where bone length increases in long bones

52
Q

define calcification. list two examples.

A

adding calcium and other minerals to create bone.
calcium is added to cartilage to make spongy bone
calcium is added to spongy bone to make compact bone.

53
Q

bone composition

A

mineral %70 bone strength
collagen 25% bone flexibility
water 5%

54
Q

vitamins

A

vitamins D absorb calcium from intestines

B12,A,C, K stimulate collagen and osteoblasts activity

55
Q

hormones

A

parathyroid and calcitonin regulate blood calcium levels.

56
Q

remodeling

A

replace old bone tissue with new.

resorption: osteoclasts release acids, dissolving bone
deposition: osteoblasts add new minerals and collagen to bone.
rate: spongy bone 20% replace per year. compact bone:5% per year. distal femur bone replaced every 4 months. center shaft femur never

57
Q

adaptation to environment

A

muscle tension or “pull” of gravity on tendon and ligaments.
stimulate osteoblasts activity Increase and maintain bone density.
inactivity- bone rest or lack
bone loss=1% per week

58
Q

ligament attach bone to …

A

bone

59
Q

tendon attach bone to

A

muscle

60
Q

bursae

A

pocket bag of water in joint, reduce friction

61
Q

open (compound)

A

skin broken

62
Q

closed (simple)

A

skin not broken

63
Q

comminuted

A

crushed bone 3 or more pieces.

64
Q

green stick

A

partial fracture in children, one side broken, other side bent

65
Q

stress fractures

A

microscopic fissure, caused by osteoporosis or repeated activity (running)

66
Q

compression

A

common vertebral fracture in elderly

associated with osteoporosis

massage (12 decks)

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