chem 20-1

Question 1

what is dilution

Answer 1

addition of solvent to reduce the solution concentrate
(makes a solution weaker)
* # of particles the same; units must match*

Question 2

what is distillation?

Answer 2

removal of solvent to increase solution concentration
(make a solution stronger)

Question 3

what is the formula used regarding distill and dilute?

Answer 3

c1v1=c2v2

Question 4

what is an acid?
(factors defining acids)

Answer 4

• containing H+
• has a pH of <7
  -corrosive
• taste sour

Question 5

hydrogen ____ide converts to?

Answer 5

hydro ___ic acid

Question 6

hydrogen ___ate converts to?

Answer 6

___ic acid
(no hydrogen)

Question 7

hydrogen ___ite converts to?

Answer 7

____ous acid
(no hydrogen)

Question 8

what is the acids arrhenius definition?

Answer 8

acids contain H+ that dissociate (separate) to produce H+(aq)

Question 9

what is the bases arrhenius definition?

Answer 9

based contain hydroxide (OH) that dissociate to produce OH-(aq)

Question 10

what is acids brønsted-lowry theory?

Answer 10

acids are H+ diners and produce H3o+(aq) in water

Question 11

what is bases brønsted-lowry theory?

Answer 11

bases are H+ acceptors and produce OH-(aq) in water
(ANIONS)

Question 12

factors of strong acids

Answer 12

• top “six”
• ionize quantitatively(99% efficient)

Question 13

factors of weak acids

Answer 13

• below H3O+(aq)
• ionize INeffeciently

Question 14

factors of strong bases

Answer 14

• (aq) ionics contains OH-(aq)

Question 15

factors of weak bases

Answer 15

• most anions except “top 6”

Question 16

what is neutralization?

Answer 16

reaction to acid and base
(pH approach neutral(7))

Question 17

what is predominant acid base reactions?

Answer 17

neutralization btwn strongest acid and strongest base in complex mixture

Question 18

what is concentration?
how is it measured?

Answer 18

a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a given volume
(%, ppm, mol/L)

Question 19

factors of ionic compounds
(+, v.e’ transfered/shared, high/low melting point, good/bad conductors, ions?)

Answer 19

-metal+non-metal
-cation+anion
-v.e’ transfered
-ion-ion
-crystalline
poor conductors at solids
high melting points

Question 20

factors of covalent/molecular compounds
(+, v.e’ transfered/shared, high/low melting point, good/bad conductors, ions?)

Answer 20

• non+ non-metal
  -no ions
  -prefixes
  -variable melting and conductibility point

Question 21

how do you know if it’s polar?
(3 things)

Answer 21

-has dipoles
-unbalanced
-H-bonds/dipole-dipole

Question 22

how do you know if it’s non-polar?
(3 things)

Answer 22

• no dipoles
• balanced
• london

Question 23

what are covalent networks?

Answer 23

organized structures have predictable properties

Question 24

what are the super 7 + 3?

Answer 24

(N2, O2, F2, I2,Cl2, Br2, At2, H2, P4, S8)

Question 25

what are the rules for significant didgets? (x/divide; +/-)

Answer 25

multiply n divide: SD in starting value add n subtract: decimal places

Question 26

what is single decomposition?

Answer 26

AB—-> A + B

Question 27

formation?

Answer 27

A +B —-> AB

Question 28

complete combustion?

Answer 28

fuel + Oxy. —-> vapours

Question 29

what is single replacement?

Answer 29

AB + C —-> AC + B/CB + A

Question 30

what is double replacement?

Answer 30

AB + CD—-> CB + AD

Question 31

1 mol is =?

Answer 31

6.022 x 10^23 particles (avogodros #)

Question 32

what does homogeneous mean?

Answer 32

one visible component

Question 33

what does heterogeneous mean?

Answer 33

at least 2 visible components

Question 34

what are the two heterogeneous mixtures and what are they?

Answer 34

mechanical mixture- easily separated (gravel road) suspension- easily filtered (OJ w/ pulp)

Question 35

what are the two homogeneous mixtures and what are they?

Answer 35

colloid- same as suspension, difficult to filter (ketchup) solution- solute dissolved in solvent (pepsi)

Question 36

what are the two types of solutions and what are they?

Answer 36

electrolytes- conduct electricity (ionics, acids, bases) non-electrolytes- does not conduct electricity (covalent)

Question 37

what are the 5 steps in predicting stoichiometry?

Answer 37

1- balance equation 2- find “n” 3- mol-mol ratio 4- find desired quantity (theoretical yield) 5- find experimental yield

Question 38

how is pressure measured?

Answer 38

torricelli’s barometer

Question 39

what are ideal gases?

Answer 39

- infinite compressability - no intermolecular forces

Question 40

what are real gases?

Answer 40

-limits to compression - condense

Question 41

at absolute zero what two things happen?

Answer 41

- Vgas= 0 - molecular motion STOPS