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chem 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

monoprotic acids

A
  1. HNO3
  2. HCl
  3. HBr
  4. HI
  5. HCOOH
  6. CH3COOH
  7. CF3COOH
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2
Q

diprotic acid

A

H2SO4

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3
Q

triprotic acid

A

H3PO4

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4
Q

Range of the acidity constant, Ka?

A

(least) 10^-60 to 10^15 (most)

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5
Q

pKa of water?

A

15.74

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6
Q

[H+] > [OH-]

A

acidic

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7
Q

[H+] < [OH-]

A

basic

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8
Q

pH =

A
  • log [H3O+]
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9
Q

pH + pOH =

A

14

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10
Q

Boron trifluoride-etherate is considered?

A

Lewis base

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11
Q

The transition metal salts such as TiCl4, FeCl3, ZnCl2, and SnCl4 are?

A

Lewis acid

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12
Q

Acetone, Acetaldehyde, Ethyl alcohol, Acetic acid, Acetyl chloride, and Acetamide are all?

A

Lewis base

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13
Q

The coordination of water with metal ions is a __________ acid-base reaction.

A

Complex

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14
Q

The formation of hydronium ion is a _________ acid-base reaction.

A

Arrhenius

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15
Q

The interaction of Fe2+ in heme with O2 is a _________ acid-base reaction.

A

Lewis

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16
Q

Arrange the following acids from least acidic to most: HF, HBr, HI, HCl

A

HI, HBr, HCl, HF

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17
Q

Arrange the following acids from most acidic to least: Hypoiodous acid, Hypobromous acid, and Hypochlorous acid

A

Hypochlorous acid > Hypobromous acid > Hypoiodous acid

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18
Q

Why is CH3COOH a stronger acid than HOH?

A

CH3COOH is more stable and has a strong conjugate acid

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19
Q

Arrange the acidity: resonance, electronegativity, inductive effect, and atomic radius

A

resonance > atomic radius > electronegativity > inductive effect

20
Q

What is the difference between inductive effect and field effect?

A

inductive effect is the polarization between sigma bonds while
field effect is polarization through space.

21
Q

Why is benzoic acid a stronger acid than acetic acid?

A

benzoic acid creates a more stable conjugate base.

22
Q

Electromeric effect is seen in _____pi system whereas resonance effect is seen in ______ pi system.

A

Unconjugated, Conjugated

23
Q

Hyperconjugation is also known as?

A

no-bond resonance

24
Q

What is the IUPAC name of Isobutane?

A

2-Methylpropane

25
Q

Isopropulamine and propylamine are ____ isomers

A

positional

26
Q

H-H (eclipsed) torsional strain is

A

4 kJ/mol

27
Q

H-CH3 (eclipsed) torsional strain is

A

6 kJ/mol

28
Q

CH3-CH3 (eclipsed) torsional strain is

A

11 kJ/mol

29
Q

CH3-CH3 (gauche) torsional strain is

A

3.8 kJ/mol

30
Q

Bayer’s theory was incorrect because?

A

he ignored the torsional strength and assumed they were all flat.

31
Q

Cyclobutane all C-H bonds are?

A

eclipsed

32
Q

_________ ring looks like an envelope

A

cyclopentane

33
Q

n-Butane and isobutane are ___ isomers whereas ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are ___ isomers

A

structural, functional

34
Q

In cyclobutane, the bend __________ angle strain but _________ torsional strain

A

increases, decreases

35
Q

What do you mean by flipping the cyclohexane ring?

A

the exchange of axial and equatorial positions caused by an inter converted chair conformation.

36
Q

in general, equatorial positions give more _________ isomer.

A

stable

37
Q

Because of the flipping of a cyclohexane ring, the ________ hydrogens become ________ and the ________ hydrogens become __________.

A

axial, equatorial, equatorial, axial

38
Q

Methanesulfonic acid (pKa = 1.2) is stronger than acetic acid (pKa = 4.74) - explain.

A

the acetate ion shares a negative charge with 2 oxygen atoms and the methanesulfonic ion with 3 oxygen atoms.

39
Q

resonance effect

A

delocalization of pairs of more than 2 atoms. requires conjugation and coplanarity.

40
Q

Arrange in order to increasing inductive effect: (CH3)3C- , (CH3)2CH- , -C2H5 , -CH3

A

(CH3)3C- , (CH3)2CH- , -C2H5 , -CH3

41
Q

Write the postulates of Baeyer’s Strain Theory.

A
  • all cycloalkanes are co-planar
  • the deviation of bond angle from the normal tetrahedral angle is called angle strain.
  • the greater the angle strain, the greater the instability of the ring.
  • the higher stability of the ring, the easier its formation.
42
Q

How many types of strains are possible in a molecule for angular, torsional, and steric strain? Explain.

A

3 types:
~angular- expansion/compression of bond angles away from the preferred 109.5 degree
~torsional- eclipsing of bonds on neighboring atoms
~steric strain- repulsive interactions between nonbonded atoms in close proximity.

43
Q

Monobasic

A

LiOH
NaOH
KOH

44
Q

Dibasic

A

Ca(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
Mg(OH)2
Ba(OH)2

45
Q

Tribasic

A

Al(OH)3
Ga(OH)3
In(OH)3

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