chem Flashcards
gasses
can change shape and change volume
they are fluid and compressible
fluid
A substance that flows, deforms, and changes shape when subject to a force, or stress
comprehensibility
the measure of how much a given volume of matter decreases when placed under pressure
liquids
exhibit fluidity and lack compressibility
liquid individual particle
do no not have fixed positions in the liquid
liquid interparticle
forces of attraction limit the range of motion so particles remmain closely
fluidity
the ability to flow
properties of the liquid state
density, viscosity, surface tension, and capillary action
density
the relationship between the mass of the substance and how much space it takes up
Density of liquids
in most substances a liquid is less dense then its solid state
water is en execption
Viscosity
is a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow
viscosity relates to tem, forces between particles, and the shape of the particles
surface tension
surface tension is the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid
it is a measure of the inward pull by particles and forces in the interior of the liquid
capillary action
capillary action is the movement of a liquid up or into a narrow tube due to adhesive and cohesive forces
adhesion
attraction for unlike substances
cohesion
attraction for like substances
solids
exhibit a lack of fluidity and a lack of compressibility
organized particle arrangement
definite melting point
forces of attraction in solids
the force of attraction between the particles in the solid are stronger then o substances that are liquid or gas phase under the same conditions
the stronger forces resist movement of the particles
properties of solid state matter
crystal lattice, definite melting point, types of solids
crystal lattice
all true solids have a crystal lattice structure, a regular repeating 3-D pattern of particles connected by forces of attraction
ex table salt(NaCl)
definite melting point
when enough energy is added the lattice falls apart and the solid melts
the temp where this change occurs is called the melting point or freeezing point
solids are classified
by the type of forces holding the particles together
ionic solids
made of ions( M+Nm
Metallic solids
metal atoms(M+M)
Network solids
these solids are rare and are formed from atomms covantley bonded to each other throughout the entire structure-one huge molecule- like diamond or graphite
Molecular Solids
the type of solid is composed of covalent molecules that re attached to each other through intermoleculer forces of attraction- ice(solid water) and sugar are ex
Hydrates
hydrates are solid crystals that contain water molecules chemically combined in a definite ration, these are solids
Hygroscopic solids
Hygroscopic solids spontaneously absorb water from the air theya re often used as desiccants( induce or sustain a state of dryness)
ex silicates and clays
Deliquescent solids
spontaneously absorb so much water from the air that they will dissolve themselves
ex CaCl2
Amorphus Solids
amorphus solids do not have a regular crystal lattice structure
theya re offten considered liquids with high viscosity
endothermic changes
these changes require energy to be added to weaken or break the attraction between particles
melting
solid to liquid
vaporization
liquid to gas
-evaporation occurs at the surface of the liquid over all tempatures where liquid exist
-boiling occurs at a specific tempature and pressure the vapor pressure of the liquid must equa the atmospheric pressure
Sublimation
solid to gas
exothermic changes
energy removed
these changes require that energy be removed from the sample which permits forces of attraction to form and hold the particles together
condensation
gas to liquid
Deposition
gas to solid
