Chem 152: Shells, Subshells, Orbitals, Valence

Question 1

Atomic Number

Answer 1

Number of protons (located in nucleus).

Question 2

Atomic Mass

Answer 2

Number of protons + neutrons (located in nucleus).

Question 3

Electron location (in nucleus or outside?)

Answer 3

Outside the nucleus.

Question 4

Shells (n)

Answer 4

Energy levels around the nucleus that contain electrons.

Question 5

Shell (n) Electron formula

(how to find out how many electrons are in each shell (n))

Answer 5

2n^2

Question 6

Subshells

Answer 6

Sublevels within each shell (spdf).

Question 7

Subshell (spdf) in each energy level (n) = 1, 2, 3, 4

Answer 7

1(n) = s
2(n) = sp
3(n) = spd
4(n) = spdf

Question 8

Orbitals

Answer 8

Region of subshells where chances of find electrons are the highest.

Question 9

Subshell (spdf) Orbital Amount (s =x, p = x, …)

Answer 9

s = 1
p = 3
d = 5
f = 7

Question 10

Amount of electrons per orbital

Answer 10

2 electrons

Question 11

Electron amount for each subshell

Answer 11

s = 1 orbital (1 * 2 electrons) = 2 electrons
p = 3 orbitals (3 * 2 electrons) = 6 electrons
d = 5 orbital (5 * 2 electrons) = 10 electrons
f = 7 orbital (7 * 2 electrons) = 14 electrons

Question 12

Valence electrons

Answer 12

Electrons in the outermost shell. (Atoms are more stable (least reactive when their outermost shell is full).