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IDC 212 Epidemiology > Cheers E1 > Flashcards

Cheers E1 Flashcards

1
Q

A reliability study was done between CA 125 and CA 19.9, with Kappa = 40. What is their agreement?

a. Excellent
b. Good
c. Fair
d. Poor

A

D

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2
Q

but now, Kappa = 80. What is their agreement

a. Excellent
b. Good
c. Fair
d. Poor

A

B

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3
Q

As a screening Test, CA 125 is

a. Reliable
b. Valid
c. Helpful in deciding to treat
d. A, B and C
e. Not helpful in deciding to treat

A

NA

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4
Q

What is the gold standard for the disease stated above? (Referring to same problem being discussed from 1-19 which is Pancreatic CA)

a. Autopsy
b. Biopsy
c. CA 125
d. CA 199

A

B

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5
Q

A general practitioner will require a diagnostic test that is highly _______.

a. Specific
b. Sensitive
c. Accurate
d. Reliable

A

B

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6
Q

A pediatric cardiologist will require a diagnostic test that is highly _________.

a. Specific
b. Sensitive
c. Accurate
d. Reliable

A

A

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7
Q

A test w/ high sensitivity when negative _____.

a. Rules in disease
b. Rules out disease
c. Does nothing
d. Refer for treatment

A

B

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8
Q

A test that has high specificity when positive, you _____.

a. Rule in disease
b. Rule out disease
c. Does nothing
d. Refer for treatment

A

A

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9
Q

A diagnostic test should be

a. Reliable
b. Valid
c. Accurate
d. All of the above

A

NA

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10
Q

A cohort has 100 subjects and at the beginning of the study, 10 have heart disease. After 2 years, 20 have heart disease. What is the annual incidence?

a. 5.5%
b. 10%
c. 11%
d. 20%

A

C

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11
Q

There’s a virus called OHNO Virus. At the airport (?), passengers were screened for the virus infection. Out of 5000 passengers, a sample composed of 100 was taken. They were screened and it was found out that 2 were positive for the OHNO Virus. 4 Weeks later, the passengers were followed up. 15 of them developed pneumonia and other symptoms associated with the OHNO viral infection.

Using the scenario above, what is the incidence of the OHNO virus?

a. 13/98
b. 13/4998
c. 15/100
d. 15/5000

A

A

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12
Q

The population in the case is

a. Dynamic
b. Fixed
c. Blah Blah
d. Something else

A

B

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13
Q

In a medical mission in Baragay Panini, 500 were screened for goiter. 50 tested positive for nodular goiter. ENT consult and needle biopsy of the 50 showed that 4 have thyroid cancer. 25 underwent surgery, including the 4. Histopathology findings showed that 10 have thyroid cancer.

The study design is:

a. Cross sectional study
b. Cohort study
c. Case control study
d. Case series

A

NA

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14
Q

In Cambodia, the month of April, 59 children were diagnosed with viral illness. 52 died of the disease. The preliminary report resulted travel advisory in Cambodia. The disease is caused by a virus related to foot and mouth disease. In June, 75000 children consulted in outpatient clinics and only 34 were hospitalized. WHO determined that is was Enterovirus 71…

What is the best frequency distribution study to determine if enterovirus is epidemic?

a. Case fatality rate
b. Incidence
c. Prevalence
d. # of new cases

A

NA

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15
Q

Possible case fatality rate of the virus among children in Cambodia?

a. 52/59
b. 52/75000
c. 34/75000
d. 59/75000

A

NA

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16
Q

Short duration of disease and increase prevalence of disease make the number of cases

a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Any of the above
d. Same

A

NA

17
Q

100 people are infected with Ebola virus. 10 were taken and given with Drug X. Out of those 10, 5 survived while 5 died. What is the cure rate of drug X?

a. 10/100
b. 5/100
c. 5/10
d. Not enough data

A

NA

18
Q

The main goal of randomization in clinical trials is to:

a. To make sure that the participant will have equal chances of getting into either treatment arm
b. To make the 2 groups equal
c. To make sure that the outcome is due to the intervention and not from any extraneous variable
d. AOTA
e. Only A and C

A

NA

19
Q

True of efficacy

a. Controlled conditions
b. Intention to treat
c. Explanatory analysis
d. Extraneous variables are eliminated

A

NA

20
Q

In which conditions can the method of Trial of N=1 can be applied?

a. Response to treatment is long
b. With carry over effect
c. Rare disease
d. Disease w/ unpredictable course

A

D

21
Q

A study design that uses a comparator group from the past:

a. Historical
b. Concurrent
c. Case Control
d. Cross-over

A

A

22
Q

Which of the study design starts with people with outcome and compares it with population susceptible to developing the outcome but hasn’t developed it yet.

a. Control
b. Cross-section
c. Case-control
d. Cohort

A

NA

23
Q

Not included in CONSORT

a. Study interpretation
b. Conduct of the study
c. Study design
d. Study duration

A

NA

24
Q

Phase of RCT; basically aims to identify safe dose.

a. Phase I
b. Phase II
c. Phase III
d. Phase IV

A

A

25
Q

Upon taking a more detailed history, you extract that the mother was elderly primigravid who developed sever pre-eclampsia. He BP was 180/100 mmHg and she underwent emergency CS. What can you say about the mother’s BP?

a. Statistical abnormality (centile)
b. Statistical abnormality about associated risk
c. Statistical abnormality as treatable
d. Statistical abnormality as diagnostic
e. NOTA

A

B

26
Q

Baby was hospitalized for 6 week. Upon discharge, the baby weighed 1800 grams. At 2 mos., his weight was 2.6 kg. At 3 mos, his weight was 4.8 kg. At 5 mos, his weight was 5.8 kg. You noticed a slow increase in weight during the 4th to 6th months. The baby’s condition is due to:

a. Statistical abnormality (centile)
b. Statistical abnormality about associated risk
c. Statistical abnormality as treatable
d. Statistical abnormality as diagnostic
e. NOTA

A

NA

27
Q

Occurs when comparisons are made between groups of patients that differ in determinants of outcome other than the object under study.

a. Bias
b. Selection Bias
c. Confounding bias
d. Chance
e. Sample error

A

B

28
Q

When 2 factors are associated and effect of one is distorted by effect of the other.

a. Bias
b. Selection Bias
c. Confounding Bias
d. Random Variation
e. Sampling error

A

C

29
Q

Group of blahblach clients are compared to the community as to their knowledge on effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing syndrome X.

a. Selection bias
b. Confounding bias
c. Measurement bias
d. Chance
e. NOTA

A

A

30
Q

External validity is also called generalizability, meaning the results only apply to the sample n the study. T/F

A

F

31
Q

There is still room for expert opinion in clinical epid and EBM. T/F

A

NA

32
Q

What is a diagnostic test?

a. Clinical info obtained from history
b. Clinical info obtained from physical exam
c. Tested in the laboratory
d. Constellation of findings
e. AOTA

A

E

33
Q

Probability alone which diagnosis is sufficiently likely to warrant treatment.

a. Test threshold
b. Treatment threshold
c. Diagnostic threshold
d. Probability threshold
e. NOTA

A

NA

34
Q

Not true of Diagnostic Test Design:

a. A form of cohort study, but usually cross-sectional
b. Diagnostic uncertainty
c. Blind comparison with an independent gold standard applied similarly to treatment and control group
d. Results of the test being evaluated should not influence the decision to perform the gold standard.

A

NA

IDC 212 Epidemiology (4 decks)

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