CHD

Question 1

What can a reduction in oxygen delivery to the heart result in?

Answer 1

chest pain called ‘angina’

Question 2

What are 5 risk factors for CHD?

Answer 2

• smoking
• high blood pressure
• diabetes
• family history of CHD
• obesity

Question 3

What are 5 symptoms of CHD?

Answer 3

• shortness of breath
• chest pain
• jaw pain
• sweating
• nausea

Question 4

How does air quality affect the prevalence of CHD?

Answer 4

• industrialisation increases exposure to air pollution

- rural areas are therefore expected (not proven) to have a lower risk of CHD

Question 5

How does climate affect the prevalence of CHD?

Answer 5

• CHD rates are higher in areas with less hours of sunshine and lower temperatures (encourages unhealthy lifestyle habits)
• cold and damp winters can have negative impacts on the cardiorespiratory system, which increases the risk of heart attacks

Question 6

Mortality from CHD is ____ higher in smokers

Answer 6

60%

Question 7

A rapid rate of urbanisation in developing countries can lead to an increased risk of CHD, how? (4)

Answer 7

• crowded living environments
• advertising for unhealthy lifestyle habits
• air pollution
• urban areas discourage physical activity

Question 8

What type of disease is CHD?

Answer 8

non-communicable

Question 9

What are bypass grafts?

Answer 9

• if blockages are too extensive, artificial arteries are created
• open heart surgery (riskier)

Question 10

What medication can be used to manage CHD?

Answer 10

• statins (lower cholesterol)

- aspirin (thins blood)

Question 11

How much did CHD cost the UK health care system in 2009?

Answer 11

around £8.7 billion

Question 12

Prevention of CHD (UK)?

Answer 12

• dieticians promote benefits for heart health of eating oily fish, more fruit and veg and less saturated fat

Question 13

Prevention of CHD (Japan)?

Answer 13

• government-led health education campaigns

- increased treatment of high blood pressure

Question 14

Policies and legislation regarding CHD?

Answer 14

• most common legislation involves reducing tobacco smoking (advertising bans, health warnings on packets)

Question 15

What did WHO create for education on CHD in schools?

Answer 15

• world heart day every year on September 29th
• includes medical activities (blood pressure testing), scientific conferences and activities to promote a healthy lifestyle and diet