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DT > Characteristics properties of materials > Flashcards

Characteristics properties of materials Flashcards

1
Q

Density

A

The mass of a material (its weight) divided by its volume (size)

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2
Q

Strength

A

The strength of a material is its ability to withstand forces that try to bend or break it
- some materials might be strong against one type of force but weak against another

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3
Q

Tenacity

A

The strength of textiles and fabrics

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4
Q

Compressive strength

A

Withstanding compressive/ squashing forces

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5
Q

Yield strength

A

Withstanding forces before being permanently deformed

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6
Q

Impact strength

A

Withstanding sudden force

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7
Q

Tensile strength

A

Withstanding tension/ stretching force

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8
Q

What materials have a high tensile strength but low compressive strength?

A

Composite materials, timber and some polymers

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9
Q

What has tensile and compressive strength?

A

Metals usually have tensile and compressive strength

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10
Q

Hardness

A

The hardness of a material is how resistant it is to pressure from cutting, scratching or wear (metals are harder than polymers and textiles

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11
Q

Brittle

A

A material that will shatter or break rather than bend and deform when a force is applied

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12
Q

Durability

A

The ability of a material to withstand wear, pressure or damage

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13
Q

Strength to weight ratio

A

A measure of a material’s strength compared to its weight

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14
Q

What materials have a high strength to weight ratio

A

Most polymers
Carbon fibres
Glass fibre
Alloys (e.g. titanium)

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15
Q

Stiffness

A

The ability of a material to resist being deformed when a force is applied to it (its rigidity)

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16
Q

Examples of rigid materials and examples of materials with poor stiffness…

A 
RM
Ceramics
Glass 
Steel
PS
Polymers like foam and rubber
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17
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of a material to return to original shape when forces are applied that will make it bend or flex out of shape

18
Q

What will materials with low elasticity do?

A

Deform very little before breaking

19
Q

Impact resistance

A

The ability of a material to withstand a force or shock applied to it

20
Q

What materials have good impact resistance?

A

Soft metals such as mild steel

Polymers such as rubber and nylon

21
Q

Plasticity

A

The ability of a material to permanently change in shape when a force is applied to it

22
Q

Corrosive resistance

A

How susceptible a material is to degradation from oxygen, moisture and other chemicals

23
Q

What is rust?

A

A form of corrosion that affects ferrous metals when they are exposed to oxygen and moisture

24
Q

What materials are resistant to corrosion?

A

Oak and dense hardwoods

25
Q

What materials will rot when exposed to elements and left untreated?

A

Softwood

26
Q

What can be affected by the weather?

A

Car and bicycle tyres will crack and split if left in the sun

27
Q

Flammability

A

The ability of a substance to burn or ignite

28
Q

What types of materials are flammable?

A

Most timbers
Polymers
Fabrics
Papers and boards

29
Q

What is not flammable?

A

Metals

30
Q

Absorbency

A

The ability of a material to absorb / take in moisture

31
Q

What materials have good absorbency?

A

Natural fibres (e.g. cotton, linen, wool)
Cardboard
Foam

32
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

Materials with good thermal conductivity allow heat to be transferred through then easily

33
Q

What are good conductors of heat/electricity ?

A

Metals

34
Q

Thermal resistance

A

Materials with good thermal resistance will not let heat be transferred through the easily - good insulators

35
Q

Porous

A 
A material that has tiny holes that allow moisture to seep through
Porous materials (Styrofoam and softwoods) are good insulators
36
Q

Thermal fabrics

A

E.g. acrylic, wool and viscose
Have good insulation (material that prevents heat, electricity or sound from escaping) properties.
Used to keep clothing warm, keep things cool in cool bags

37
Q

Electrical conductivity

A

Refers to how easy it is for electricity to flow through a material

38
Q

Good electrical conductor

A

Metals

39
Q

Bad electrical conductor

A

Wood and rubber

40
Q

Magnetic properties

A

A material with magnetic properties will emit forces that attract or repulse other materials

DT (25 decks)

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