Characteristics of Particles and Pharmaceutical Liquids

Question 1

Defined as a dosage form composed of a solid or mixture of solids reduced to a finely divided state and intended for internal or external use

Answer 1

Powders

Question 2

Have a uniform, small particle size with elegant appearance

Answer 2

Powders

Question 3

Powders usually passes on what sieve number?

Answer 3

8-80 sieve size

Question 4

are dosage forms composed of dry aggregates of powder particles that may contain one or more APIs with or without other ingredients.

Answer 4

Granules

Question 5

Granules are irregularly shaped but may be prepared as

Answer 5

Spherical

Question 6

Granules usually passes through, what sieve size?

Answer 6

4-12 mesh sieve size

Question 7

field that deals with the measurement and study of the physical and chemical properties of small particles or materials on a microscale.

Answer 7

Micromeritics

Question 8

understanding the behavior of particles at a small scale is crucial for optimizing processes and developing new materials.

Answer 8

Micromeritics

Question 9

Plays a key role in determining the rate of drug dissolution

Answer 9

Particle size

Question 10

Granulation
Particle size:
Use:

Answer 10

1000-3360
Tablet preparation

Question 11

Course powder
Particle size:
Use:

Answer 11

150-1000
Drug powders

Question 12

Fine powder
Particle size:
Use:

Answer 12

50-100
Drug powder

Question 13

Emulsions and Suspensions
Particle size:
Use:

Answer 13

10-50um
Course emulsion and Flocculated suspension

Question 14

Dry powder
Particle size:
Use:

Answer 14

1-5
Inhalation

Question 15

Smaller Emulsions and suspension
Particle size:
Use:

Answer 15

0.5-10
No use

Question 16

Nanoemulsion
Particle size:
Use:

Answer 16

0.01- 0.5
Colloids

Question 17

Nanoparticles
Particle size:
Use:

Answer 17

0.001-0.1
Novel Drug Delivery Systems

Question 18

standardized woven wires defined by National Bureau of Standards for particle size analysis.

Answer 18

Sieve analysis

Question 19

Sieves are standardized woven wires defined by

Answer 19

National Bureau of Standards for particle size analysis.

Question 20

Applicable to fine insoluble powders.

Answer 20

Wet sieving

Question 21

Mesh #40 has a 40 openings per inch in a screen mesh. Particles that are sieved through this mesh are called

Answer 21

40 mesh

Question 22

“40 mesh” size this is equivalent to

Answer 22

420um

Question 23

measuring the size of a particle by the speed by which it moves through a liquid medium under the influence of some force, such as gravity.

Answer 23

Sedimentation

Question 24

Equipments use in sedimentation

Answer 24

Andreasen Pipette, Beaker Decantation

Question 25

The deciding part of a (——) are the frequency (f), mean (m), and standard deviation

Answer 25

Distribution

Question 26

When a fine material is passed through two sieves, the size of material retained on the sieve with the smaller openings is usually taken as the

Answer 26

Arithmetic mean or geometric mean

Question 27

The characteristics of the existence of multiple forms in shape and structures are called

Answer 27

Polymorphism

Question 28

Polymorphism can potentially be found in any

Answer 28

Crystalline material

Question 29

very important in the development of active pharmaceutical ingredients as it can affect, via changes in particle surface area and solubility, drug absorption and bioavailability.

Answer 29

Particle shape

Question 30

have different stabilities

Answer 30

Polymorphs

Question 31

Types of particle size

Answer 31

GCFE- Granulation, coarse powder, fine powder, emulsions and suspension DENN- Dry powder, emulsion and suspension ,nanoemulsion, nanoparticles

Question 32

refers to the total area of a particle's external surfaces, including its pores and voids.

Answer 32

Surface area

Question 33

Surface area is (measurement)

Answer 33

per unit volume (Sv) or per unit weight (Sw)

Question 34

A higher surface area provides more sites for chemical reactions and adsorption processes to occur.

Answer 34

Adsorption and reactions

Question 35

Absorption and reactions are especially important in

Answer 35

catalysis and adsorption technologies.

Question 36

Smaller particles often have larger surface areas per unit mass, but they can also be prone to———- due to increased surface interactions.

Answer 36

Particle agglomeration

Question 37

Surface area influences how particles adhere to surfaces or bind with other materials, affecting properties like

Answer 37

paint adhesion or pharmaceutical tablet binding.

Question 38

In pharmaceuticals, particles with larger surface areas are preferred for drug delivery systems as they can provide increased drug dissolution and absorption rates.

Answer 38

Absorption and Drug delivery

Question 39

the ratio of the volume of interstices of a material to the volume of its mass (%void)

Answer 39

Porosity

Question 40

Types of porosity

Answer 40

INTRAPARTICULAR POROSITY INTERPARTICULAR POROSITY TOTAL POROSITY

Question 41

Vg: Vp: Vb:

Answer 41

Vg: Volume of the sample or material Vp: Volume of solid particles Vb: Bulk volume of the sample or material.

Question 42

Formula of Intraparticular Porosity

Answer 42

=(Vg- Vp) x 100 ———— (Vg)

Question 43

Formula for Interparticular porosity

Answer 43

=(Vb- Vg) x 100 ———— (Vb)

Question 44

Formula for total porosity

Answer 44

=(Vb- Vp) x 100 ———— (Vb)

Question 45

weight per unit volume

Answer 45

Density

Question 46

excludes the volume of the pores and interparticle spaces

Answer 46

True density

Question 47

True density or aka

Answer 47

Absolute

Question 48

which includes the pore volume but excludes interparticle spaces

Answer 48

Envelope density

Question 49

Envelope density aka

Answer 49

Apparent density

Question 50

-includes both pores and interparticle space.

Answer 50

Bulk density

Question 51

Formula for arithmetic mean

Answer 51

X= (X1 + X2) / n

Question 52

Formula for geometric mean

Answer 52

X= (X1 x X2 x ……) 1/n

Question 53

uniformly distributed throughout the mixture, resulting in a consistent and uniform appearance. do not separate or settle into distinct phases over time

Answer 53

Homogeneous liquid

Question 54

Homogeneous liquid also called

Answer 54

Single-phase liquid

Question 55

Example of homogeneous liquid

Answer 55

Clear solutions and Elixirs

Question 56

contain multiple components that are not uniformly distributed, resulting in visible separation or distinct phases within the liquid

Answer 56

Heterogeneous liquid

Question 57

Heterogeneous liquids or aka

Answer 57

Multi-phase liquids

Question 58

Example of heterogeneous liquid

Answer 58

Suspensions & Emulsions

Question 59

Mixtures of immiscible liquids such as oil in water

Answer 59

Emulsions

Question 60

Mixture of immiscible liquids are stabilized by

Answer 60

Emulsifying agent

Question 61

A deceptive change of the position of an object which is observed while the position of the observer changes.

Answer 61

Parallax effect

Question 62

the concave curve of a liquid surface in a graduate or narrow tube.

Answer 62

Meniscus

Question 63

Ensure that the vessel you choose is properly what?

Answer 63

calibrated and graduated

Question 64

Involves testing of the vessel’s accuracy against a know standard

Answer 64

Calibration

Question 65

Select a vessel with an appropriate volume capacity for the amount of liquid you need to measure. Using the smallest vessel that can comfortably hold the liquid reduces the potential for errors in measurement.

Answer 65

Volume/Amount of liquid

Question 66

Different liquids can have varying properties such as

Answer 66

viscosity, reactivity, and volatility

Question 67

If the liquid is corrosive or reactive, choose a vessel made from a material that is chemically compatible

Answer 67

Nature of liquid

Question 68

Consider the level of accuracy and precision needed for your measurements.

Answer 68

Accuracy and precision Requirements

Question 69

Things to consider in liquid vessel for Measurement

Answer 69

Calibration and Graduation Volume/ Amount of liquid Nature of liquid Accuracy and precision Req.

Question 70

Factors that can affect the volume of a drop in a dropper

Answer 70

Surface Tension Pressure Speed of Dropping Angle of dropper Density of liquid

Question 71

the cohesive force present at the surface of a liquid that gives it the properties of an elastic skin.

Answer 71

Surface tension

Question 72

Surface tension effect

Answer 72

Higher surface tension, smaller droplets as liquid resist in breaking apart

Question 73

Pressure applies in

Answer 73

Bulb of the dropper

Question 74

Impact of pressure in bulb dropper

Answer 74

Increase pressure, greater volume of liquid being expelled resulting larger droplets

Question 75

Fast dropping

Answer 75

Faster dropping smaller Droplet size

Question 76

Slow dropping

Answer 76

Slower the dropping the larger droplet size

Question 77

Relation of density

Answer 77

Higher density, the faster liquid will exit and has bigger droplet

Question 78

The deciding part of a distribution are the:

Answer 78

Frequency (f) , mean (m) & Standard Deviation

Question 79

Polymorphs very important in the development of active pharmaceutical ingredients as it can affect via changes of

Answer 79

Particle surface area and solubility Drug absorption Bioavailability