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PHYSICAL PHARMACY LAB > Characteristics of Particles and Pharmaceutical Liquids > Flashcards

Characteristics of Particles and Pharmaceutical Liquids Flashcards

1
Q

Defined as a dosage form composed of a solid or mixture of solids reduced to a finely divided state and intended for internal or external use

A

Powders

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2
Q

Have a uniform, small particle size with elegant appearance

A

Powders

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3
Q

Powders usually passes on what sieve number?

A

8-80 sieve size

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4
Q

are dosage forms composed of dry aggregates of powder particles that may contain one or more APIs with or without other ingredients.

A

Granules

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5
Q

Granules are irregularly shaped but may be prepared as

A

Spherical

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6
Q

Granules usually passes through, what sieve size?

A

4-12 mesh sieve size

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7
Q

field that deals with the measurement and study of the physical and chemical properties of small particles or materials on a microscale.

A

Micromeritics

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8
Q

understanding the behavior of particles at a small scale is crucial for optimizing processes and developing new materials.

A

Micromeritics

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9
Q

Plays a key role in determining the rate of drug dissolution

A

Particle size

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10
Q

Granulation
Particle size:
Use:

A

1000-3360
Tablet preparation

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11
Q

Course powder
Particle size:
Use:

A

150-1000
Drug powders

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12
Q

Fine powder
Particle size:
Use:

A

50-100
Drug powder

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13
Q

Emulsions and Suspensions
Particle size:
Use:

A

10-50um
Course emulsion and Flocculated suspension

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14
Q

Dry powder
Particle size:
Use:

A

1-5
Inhalation

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15
Q

Smaller Emulsions and suspension
Particle size:
Use:

A

0.5-10
No use

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16
Q

Nanoemulsion
Particle size:
Use:

A

0.01- 0.5
Colloids

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17
Q

Nanoparticles
Particle size:
Use:

A

0.001-0.1
Novel Drug Delivery Systems

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18
Q

standardized woven wires defined by National Bureau of Standards for particle size analysis.

A

Sieve analysis

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19
Q

Sieves are standardized woven wires defined by

A

National Bureau of Standards for particle size analysis.

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20
Q

Applicable to fine insoluble powders.

A

Wet sieving

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21
Q

Mesh #40 has a 40 openings per inch in a screen mesh. Particles that are sieved through this mesh are called

A

40 mesh

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22
Q

“40 mesh” size this is equivalent to

A

420um

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23
Q

measuring the size of a particle by the speed by which it moves through a liquid medium under the influence of some force, such as gravity.

A

Sedimentation

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24
Q

Equipments use in sedimentation

A

Andreasen Pipette, Beaker Decantation

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25
Q

The deciding part of a (——) are the frequency (f), mean (m), and standard deviation

A

Distribution

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26
Q

When a fine material is passed through two sieves, the size of material retained on the sieve with the smaller openings is usually taken as the

A

Arithmetic mean or geometric mean

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27
Q

The characteristics of the existence of multiple forms in shape and structures are called

A

Polymorphism

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28
Q

Polymorphism can potentially be found in any

A

Crystalline material

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29
Q

very important in the development of active pharmaceutical ingredients as it can affect, via changes in particle surface area and solubility, drug absorption and bioavailability.

A

Particle shape

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30
Q

have different stabilities

A

Polymorphs

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31
Q

Types of particle size

A

GCFE- Granulation, coarse powder, fine powder, emulsions and suspension
DENN- Dry powder, emulsion and suspension ,nanoemulsion, nanoparticles

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32
Q

refers to the total area of a particle’s external surfaces, including its pores and voids.

A

Surface area

33
Q

Surface area is (measurement)

A

per unit volume (Sv) or per unit weight (Sw)

34
Q

A higher surface area provides more sites for chemical reactions and adsorption processes to occur.

A

Adsorption and reactions

35
Q

Absorption and reactions are especially important in

A

catalysis and adsorption technologies.

36
Q

Smaller particles often have larger surface areas per unit mass, but they can also be prone to———- due to increased surface interactions.

A

Particle agglomeration

37
Q

Surface area influences how particles adhere to surfaces or bind with other materials, affecting properties like

A

paint adhesion or pharmaceutical tablet binding.

38
Q

In pharmaceuticals, particles with larger surface areas are preferred for drug delivery systems as they can provide increased drug dissolution and absorption rates.

A

Absorption and Drug delivery

39
Q

the ratio of the volume of interstices of a material to the volume of its mass (%void)

A

Porosity

40
Q

Types of porosity

A

INTRAPARTICULAR POROSITY
INTERPARTICULAR POROSITY
TOTAL POROSITY

41
Q

Vg:
Vp:
Vb:

A

Vg: Volume of the sample or material
Vp: Volume of solid particles
Vb: Bulk volume of the sample or material.

42
Q

Formula of Intraparticular Porosity

A

=(Vg- Vp) x 100
————
(Vg)

43
Q

Formula for Interparticular porosity

A

=(Vb- Vg) x 100
————
(Vb)

44
Q

Formula for total porosity

A

=(Vb- Vp) x 100
————
(Vb)

45
Q

weight per unit volume

A

Density

46
Q

excludes the volume of the pores and interparticle spaces

A

True density

47
Q

True density or aka

A

Absolute

48
Q

which includes the pore volume but excludes interparticle spaces

A

Envelope density

49
Q

Envelope density aka

A

Apparent density

50
Q

-includes both pores and interparticle space.

A

Bulk density

51
Q

Formula for arithmetic mean

A

X= (X1 + X2) / n

52
Q

Formula for geometric mean

A

X= (X1 x X2 x ……) 1/n

53
Q

uniformly distributed throughout the mixture, resulting in a consistent and uniform appearance. do not separate or settle into distinct phases over time

A

Homogeneous liquid

54
Q

Homogeneous liquid also called

A

Single-phase liquid

55
Q

Example of homogeneous liquid

A

Clear solutions and Elixirs

56
Q

contain multiple components that are not uniformly distributed, resulting in visible separation or distinct phases within the liquid

A

Heterogeneous liquid

57
Q

Heterogeneous liquids or aka

A

Multi-phase liquids

58
Q

Example of heterogeneous liquid

A

Suspensions & Emulsions

59
Q

Mixtures of immiscible liquids such as oil in water

A

Emulsions

60
Q

Mixture of immiscible liquids are stabilized by

A

Emulsifying agent

61
Q

A deceptive change of the position of an object which is observed while the position of the observer changes.

A

Parallax effect

62
Q

the concave curve of a liquid surface in a graduate or narrow tube.

A

Meniscus

63
Q

Ensure that the vessel you choose is properly what?

A

calibrated and graduated

64
Q

Involves testing of the vessel’s accuracy against a know standard

A

Calibration

65
Q

Select a vessel with an appropriate volume capacity for the amount of liquid you need to measure. Using the smallest vessel that can comfortably hold the liquid reduces the potential for errors in measurement.

A

Volume/Amount of liquid

66
Q

Different liquids can have varying properties such as

A

viscosity, reactivity, and volatility

67
Q

If the liquid is corrosive or reactive, choose a vessel made from a material that is chemically compatible

A

Nature of liquid

68
Q

Consider the level of accuracy and precision needed for your measurements.

A

Accuracy and precision Requirements

69
Q

Things to consider in liquid vessel for Measurement

A

Calibration and Graduation
Volume/ Amount of liquid
Nature of liquid
Accuracy and precision Req.

70
Q

Factors that can affect the volume of a drop in a dropper

A

Surface Tension
Pressure
Speed of Dropping
Angle of dropper
Density of liquid

71
Q

the cohesive force present at the surface of a liquid that gives it the properties of an elastic skin.

A

Surface tension

72
Q

Surface tension effect

A

Higher surface tension, smaller droplets as liquid resist in breaking apart

73
Q

Pressure applies in

A

Bulb of the dropper

74
Q

Impact of pressure in bulb dropper

A

Increase pressure, greater volume of liquid being expelled resulting larger droplets

75
Q

Fast dropping

A

Faster dropping smaller Droplet size

76
Q

Slow dropping

A

Slower the dropping the larger droplet size

77
Q

Relation of density

A

Higher density, the faster liquid will exit and has bigger droplet

78
Q

The deciding part of a distribution are the:

A

Frequency (f) , mean (m) & Standard Deviation

79
Q

Polymorphs very important in the development of active pharmaceutical ingredients as it can affect via changes of

A

Particle surface area and solubility
Drug absorption
Bioavailability

PHYSICAL PHARMACY LAB (3 decks)

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