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Characteristics And Classification Of Living Things Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 Characteristics of living things

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

Define Movement :

A

An action caused by an organism or part of an organism causing a change or position or place

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3
Q

Define Respiration :

A

The chemical reaction in cells that breaks down nutrient molecules and releases energy for metabolism

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4
Q

Define Sensitivity :

A

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

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5
Q

Define Growth :

A

A permanent increase in size or dry mass

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6
Q

Define Reproduction :

A

The process that makes more of the same kind of organism

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7
Q

Define Excretion :

A

The removal of the waste product of metabolism and substance in excess of requirement

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8
Q

Define Nutrition :

A

Taking in material for energy, growth, and development

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9
Q

Define metabolism :

A

The chemical reactions that take place in living organisms

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10
Q

Define Dry mass :

A

The mass of an organism after it has been killed and all water removed from it

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11
Q

Define Common Ancestor :

A

A species that lived in the past and is thought to to have been given rise to several different species today

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12
Q

Define species :

A

A group of organism that can reproduce to produce fertile young (children)

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13
Q

What is the classification order ?

A

Classification system :

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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14
Q

What is the human example/version of the classification system ?

A

Classification system

Animalia
Chordata (things with a spine)
Mammalia ( mammals )
Primates
Hominidae ( human like structure/physics)
Homo
Homo sapien

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15
Q

What is a species ? And what are some common examples ?

A

Species are the smallest group which biologist classify living organism . Organism in a species must be able to reproduce with each other to produce offspring . For example horses belong to the specie Equus Cabalius so they can reproduce together . Hence they are fertile (able to reproduce )

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16
Q

What is cross breeding ? What are some examples ?

A

Cross breeding is when two animals from two different species reproduce with each other . For example Donkeys belong to Equus asinus , if a male donkey reproduces with a female horse , the offspring is a mule . Mules cannot reproduce and are considered infertile ( not able to reproduce )

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17
Q

What is the Binomial naming system ?

A

The binomial naming system is a way that biologist name each species on earth . Each species has two words . The binomial naming system “bi” meaning two and “nominal” meaning name. The first name is the name of the genus that the organism belongs to . The genus is always written with a capital letter . The second name is the name of the species that the organism belongs to . The species is always written with a small letter . The binomial name is always underlined

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18
Q

Define Binomial system :

A

A system of naming species that is internationally agreed, in which the scientific name is made up of two parts showing the genus and species

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19
Q

Define Genus :

A

A group of species that share similar features and a common ancestor

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20
Q

Define Dichotomous keys :

A

A way of identifying an organism by working through pairs of statements that leads you to its name

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21
Q

Define Kingdoms :

A

The largest group into which all living organisms are classified . There are five kingdoms.

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22
Q

What are the 5 Kingdoms ?

A

Animalia
Plante
Fungi
Protista - protocist
Monera - Prokaryote

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23
Q

What are some common characteristics of fungi ?

A

-Fungi are usually colourful and easy to spot
-Do not have chlorophyll and do not do photosynthesis
-Feed saprophytically on organic material such as dead plants or animals by absorbing it into their cells
-Multicellular but some are unicellular
-They have a cell wall and nuclei but the wall are not made of cellulose
-Feed by digesting waste organic material and absorbing it into their cells
-Main body is made up of microscopic threads called hyphae ( long lines of linked cells )

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24
Q

Define Fungus :

A

An organism whose cells have cell wall , but that does not photosynthesise

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25
Define Hyphae :
Microscope threads , made up of cells linked in a long line that make up the body of a fungus
26
Define Decomposer :
Organism that break down organic substances outside their bodies releasing nutrients from them that other organisms can use
27
Define Spores :
Very small groups of cells surrounded by a protective wall used in reproduction of fungi. Fungi reproduces by forming spores
28
Define Multicellular :
Made up of many cells
29
Define Unicellular :
Made up of a single cell
30
What are some common examples of fungi ?
Mushroom, toadstool,yeast,mold
31
What are some common characteristics of protoctist ?
-Protocist are multicellular or unicellular -Some have chloroplast and cellulose cell walls and some do not -Some have an animal shape like cell and some do not -All protocist cells have a nucleus however some may or may not have a cell wall and chloroplast -Some feed by photosynthesis and other protoctist feed on organic substances made by other organisms
32
Define Protocist :
A single-celled organism or one with several very similar cells
33
What are some common examples of Protocist ?
Algae
34
What are some common characteristics of prokaryotes ?
-They are usually unicellular (single celled ) -They have no nucleus that have nuclei region -They have cell walls but they are big made of cellulose -They have no mitochondria -They have a circular loop of DNA which is free in the cytoplasm -They often have plasmids (genetic structures in the cell)
35
Define prokaryote :
An organism whose cells do not have a nucleus
36
What are some common examples of prokaryote ?
Bacteria
37
What are some common characteristics of Animals ?
-Their cells have a nucleus but no cell wall or chloroplast -They feed on organic substances made up by other living organism -Animals can move actively looking for food and easy to recognise
38
Define Organic substances :
Substances whose molecules contain carbon
39
What are some common examples of animals :
Lions,tigers,humans,dogs,cats
40
What are some common characteristics of plants ?
-Their cells have a nucleus and cell wall made of cellulose and often contain photosynthesis -They feed by photosynthesis -They may have roots,stems and leaves (but some plants do not have these organs)
41
Define chlorophyll :
A green pigment (coloured substance) that absorbs energy from light ; the energy is used to combine carbon dioxide with water and make glucose
42
Define cellulose :
A carbohydrate that forms long fibres and makes up the cell wall of plants
43
What are some common examples of plants ?
Flowering plants,ferns
44
What are Vertebrates ?
Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone inside the body
45
What are some common characteristics of vertebrates ?
-They have a skull -They have a backbone
46
What are some common example of vertebrates ?
Dogs,sharks,cats,Horses
47
What are some common characteristic of fish
-They are vertebrates with scaly skin -They have gills throughout their life (gills act as lungs) -They have fins -Their eggs have no shell and are laid in water
48
What are some common examples of fish ?
Butterfly fish,tuna,clownfish,anglerfish
49
What are amphibians ?
Vertebrates with skin and no scales
50
What are some common characteristics of amphibians ?
-Their eggs have no shell and are laid in water -They go back to the water to breed -The tadpoles have gills for gas exchange ,but adults have lungs -The tadpoles live in water ,but adults often live on land
51
What are some common examples of amphibians ?
Frogs,toads,salamanders
52
Define metamorphosis:
Changing from a larva with one body to an adult with a different body form . Amphibians undergo this as they change from gills to lungs
53
What are reptiles ?
Reptiles are animals with scales on their skin
54
What are some common characteristics of Reptiles ?
-They lay eggs with soft shells -They are vertebrates with scaly skin
55
What are some common examples of reptiles ?
Dinosaurs,crocodiles,alligators,snakes,turtle,tortoises
56
What are some common characteristics of birds ?
-They have features (and also sometimes scales on their back legs) -They have a beak -Their front two limbs are wings -They lay eggs with hard shells
57
What are some common examples of birds ?
Kiwi,ostriches,kingfisher,pigeons
58
What are mammals ?
Vertebrates that are warm blooded
59
What are some common characteristics of mammals ?
-They have hair on their skin -Their young develop in a uterus ,attached to the mother by a placenta -The females have mammary glands which produce milk to feed their young -They have different kinds of teeth (incisors,canines,pre-molars,molars) -They have a pinna (ear flaps) on the outside or the body -They have sweat glands in the skin -They have a diaphragm
60
Define Pinna :
A flap on the outside of the body that directs sound into the ear
61
Define placenta :
An organ that connects the blood or the foetus and mother are brought close together so that materials can be exchanged between them
62
Define mammary glands :
Organs found only in materials which produce milk to feed young
63
Define diaphragm :
A muscle that seperate the chest cavity form the abdominal cavity in mammals ; it helps with breathing
64
What are some common examples of mammals ?
Sperm whale,humans,panda,monkey
65
What are arthropods ?
Animals with jointed legs but no backbone
66
What are some common characteristics of arthropods ?
-They have several pairs of jointed legs -They have an exoskeleton
67
What are some common examples of arthropods ?
Scorpions ,centipedes,dragonfly,millipedes
68
What are Insects ?
A group of arthropods that can stop water from evaporating their body allowing them to live in dry places
69
What are some common characteristics of insects ?
-They are arthropods with three pairs of jointed legs -They have two pairs of wings (one or both may be vestigial) -They breathe through tubes called tracheae -They have one pairs of antennae -Their body is divided into a head,thorax and abdomen
70
What are some common examples of Insects ?
Crickets,dragonfly,scarab beetle,ants,bee
71
Define exoskeleton :
A supportive structure on the outside of the body
72
Define terrestrial :
Living on land
73
Define vestigial :
Description of a structure that has evolved to become so small that if is no longer useful
74
What are crustaceans ?
A group of arthropods with more than four pairs of jointed legs ,most live in wet and aquatic (living in water) places.
75
What are some common characteristics of crustaceans ?
-They have two pairs of antennae -They have a hard exoskeleton
76
What are some examples of crustaceans ?
Crabs,Lobsters and woodlice
77
What are arachnids ?
Arachnids are land-dwelling organisms
78
What are some common characteristic of arachnids ?
-They are arthropods with four pairs of jointed legs (8 legs ) -They have no antennae -Their body is divided into two parts - a cephalothorax and abdomen
79
What are some common examples of arachnids ?
Spiders,ticks,scorpions
80
What are myriapods ?
Organism that consist of many similar segments
81
What are some common characteristics of myriapods ?
-Each part of their body segments have jointed legs -They have one pair or antannae
82
What are some common examples of myriapods ?
Centipedes and millipedes
83
What are ferns ?
Ferns are plants with leaves called fronds usually that are small but some species can be as much as 20m tall.
84
What are some common characteristics of ferns ?
-They do not produce flowers -They are plants with roots,stems and leaves (fronds) -They reproduce by spores produced on the undersides of their fronds -Fall under the class polypodiopsida
85
What are some common examples of ferns ?
Tree fern plants,lady fern plant,sword fern plant,Christmas fern plant
86
What are flowering plants ?
Flowering plants are a type of plant that reproduces by producing flowers . Scientific name : Phylum angiosperms
87
What are some common characteristics of flowering plants ?
-They are plants with roots,stems and leaves -They reproduce using flowers and seeds -Their seeds are produces inside an ovary in the flower -can be divided into dicotyledons or monocotyledons ,refers to the structure of the seeds
88
Define dicotyledons :
Plants with two cotyledons in their seeds
89
Define Monocotyledons:
Plants with only one cotyledon in their seeds
90
What are some common characteristics of dicotyledons ?
-They have seeds with one cotyledons -They ususally have a main root with side roots coming out from it -Their leaves have a network of veins -They have flower plants (petals) in multiple or four or five -Their vascular bundle in the stem is arranged in the formation of a ring
91
What are some common characteristics of monocotyledons
-They have seeds with one cotyledons -Their roots grow directly from the stem -Their leaves have parallel veins -They have flower parts in multiple of three -Their vascular bundle in the stem is arranged randomly
92
What are viruses ?
Viruses are infectious agents that replicate living cells of an organism and infect its host causing them to get sick
93
Why are viruses not considered living organism ?
Viruses are not considered living organism because they conning do anything other than just exist until they get into a living cell. On their own viruses cannot move,respire,show sensitivity,growth or reproduce . They do not display the seven characteristics of living things .
94
How do viruses spread ?
First they invade a living cell then they take over the cell’s machinery to make multiple copies of themselves . These new viruses burst out of the cell and invade other where the process is repeated . The host cell is usually killed when this happens
95
What is the first stage if viruses ?
Attachment -This is when the phage (virus attaches to the surface of the host cell
96
What is the second stage of viruses ?
Penetration - This is when the virus DNA enters the host cell
97
What is the third stage or viruses ?
Biosynthesis-This is when the phage (virus) DNA replicates and phage proteins are made
98
What is the fourth stage or viruses ?
Maturation-This is when the new phage (virus ) particles are assembled
99
What is the fifth and final stage of viruses ?
Lysis - This is when the infected cell releases the newly made phage (viruses).

Biology (5 decks)

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