Characteristics and classification of living organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Movement

A

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.

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2
Q

Respiration

A

chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

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3
Q

Sensitivity

A

ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and make appropriate responses

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4
Q

Reproduction

A

processes that make more of the same kind of organism.

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5
Q

Excretion

A

removal of metabolic wastes, toxic substances, and substances in excess of requirements from the body.

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6
Q

Nutrition

A

taking in of materials for energy, growth and development.

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7
Q

Organisms can be classified into groups by

A

the features that they share.

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8
Q

Species

A

group of organisms that can interbreed among themselves and produce fertile offsprings

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9
Q

Binomial system

A

of naming species is an internationally agreed system in which the the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and
species.

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10
Q

Classification systems aim to

A

reflect evolutionary relationships.

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11
Q

The sequences of bases in DNA are used as a

A

means of classification.

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12
Q

Groups of organisms that share a more recent ancestor (are more closely related)
have

A

base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a
distant ancestor.

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13
Q

5 kingdoms

A

animal , plants , fungus, protocist, prokaryote

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14
Q

Animal kingdom

A

Their cells have a nucleus, but no cell walls or chloroplasts.
They feed on organic substances made by other living organisms.

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15
Q

Plant kingdom

A

Their cells have a nucleus and cell walls made of cellulose and often contain chloroplasts.
They feed by photosynthesis.
They may have roots, stems, and leaves (but some plants do not have these organs).

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16
Q

Fungus

A

They are usually multicellular (many-celled), but some such as yeast are unicellular (single-celled).
They have nuclei and cell walls, but the walls are not made of cellulose.
They do not have chlorophyll.
They feed by digesting waste organic material and absorbing it into their cells.

17
Q

Protoctista

A

They are multicellular or unicellular.
Their cells have a nucleus and may or may not have a cell wall and chloroplasts.
Some feed by photosynthesis and others feed on organic substances made by other organisms.

18
Q

Prokaryote

A

They are usually unicellular (single-celled).
They have no nucleus.
They have cell walls, not made of cellulose.
They have no mitochondria.
They have a circular loop of DNA, which is free in the cytoplasm.
They often have plasmids.

19
Q

Vertebrates are animals that

A

have a backbone:
examples: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

20
Q

fish

A

They are vertebrates with scaly skin.
They have gills throughout their life.
They have fins.
Their eggs have no shells and are laid in water.

21
Q

Amphibians

A

They are vertebrates with skin with no scales.
Their eggs have no shells and are laid in water.
The tadpoles live in water, but adults often live on land.
The tadpoles have gills for gas exchange, but adults have lungs.

22
Q

Reptiles

A

They are vertebrates with scaly skin.
They lay eggs with soft shells on land.

23
Q

Birds

A

They have feathers (and also sometimes a few scales).
They have a beak.
Their front two limbs are wings (though not all birds can fly).
They lay eggs with hard shells.

24
Q

Mammals

A

They have hair on their skin.
Their young develop in a uterus, attached to the mother by a placenta.
The females have mammary glands, which produce milk to feed their young.
They have different kinds of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars and molars).
They have a pinna (ear flap) on the outside of the body.
They have sweat glands in the skin.
They have a diaphragm.

25
Q

Arthropods are animals that have

A

joined legs and no backbone

26
Q

arthropods examples

A

insects, crustaceans,arachnids, myriapods

27
Q

Insects

A

They are arthropods with three pairs of jointed legs.
They have two pairs of wings (one or both may be vestigial).
They have one pair of antennae.
Their body is divided into a head, thorax and abdomen.
They breathe through tubes called tracheae.

28
Q

Crustaceans

A

They are arthropods with more than four pairs of jointed legs.
They have two pairs of antennae.

29
Q

Arachnids

A

They are arthropods with four pairs of jointed legs.
They have no antennae.
Their body is divided into two parts – a cephalothorax and abdomen.

30
Q

Myriapods

A

Their body consists of many similar segments.
Each of their body segments has jointed legs.
They have one pair of antennae.

31
Q

Ferns

A

They are plants with roots, stems and leaves (fronds).
They do not produce flowers.
They reproduce by spores produced on the undersides of their fronds.

32
Q

Flowering plants

A

They are plants with roots, stems and leaves.
They reproduce using flowers and seeds.
Their seeds are produced inside an ovary, in the flower

33
Q

Characteristic features of dicots:

A

They have seeds with two cotyledons.
They usually have a main root with side roots coming out from it.
Their leaves have a network of veins.
They have flower parts (e.g. petals) in multiples of four or five.
They have vascular bundles in the stem, arranged in a ring

34
Q

Characteristic features of monocots:

A

They have seeds with one cotyledon.
Their roots grow out directly from the stem.
Their leaves have parallel veins.
They have flower parts in multiples of three.
They have vascular bundles in the stem, arranged randomly.

35
Q

growth

A

permanent increase in size and dry mass usually caused by an increase in cell size, cell number or both