Characteristic of Early America (Revolution, Independence, Constituiton)

Question 1

Characteristics of Early America

Answer 1

Life was difficult, however, a profound time for innovation.

Revolution, the right to representation, political independence, separation of church and state, nationalism, slavery, etc.

Question 2

Characteristic of the Gilded Age

Answer 2

A time of great political corruption and wealth inequality in late 1800s.
- rapid economic growth
- scandalous politics
- corrupt industrialists
- greed and surpluses of wealth

Question 3

Characteristics of Progressive Era

Answer 3

• labor rights
• women’s suffrage
• economic reform
• environmental protections
• welfare of the poor
• poor immigrants

Question 4

Dawes Act

Answer 4

Authorized federal government to breakup tribal lands by partitioning them into individual plots (reservation lands).
Purpose: Destroy native cultures, create individual Americans, and open up land for white settlement on Native American reservation lands.

Question 5

Homestead Act

Answer 5

Accelerated the settlement of the western territory by granting adult heads of families 160 acres of surveyed public land for a minimal filing fee and five years of continuous residence on that land.
Effects:
New resources became popular such as gold, timber, silver, and oil.
People began building towns and starting businesses, allowing the economy to grow and thrive.
As the towns grew, more jobs were created, which attracted more people to move out west.

Question 6

Effects of Urbanization

Answer 6

Bad: deforestation, habitat loss, the extraction of freshwater from the environment, poor air and water quality, higher crime rates, pollution.

Good: creation of job opportunities, technological and infrastructural advancements, improved transportation and communication, quality education and medical facilities.

Question 7

Philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie

Answer 7

His philanthropic interests centered around the goals of education and world peace.
One of his lifelong interests was the establishments of free public libraries to make available to everyone a means of self-education.
There were only a few public libraries in the world when in 1881, Carnegie began to promote his idea.

Question 8

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 8

U.S federal law passed to prohibit all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years.
They passed it to placate worker demands and assuage concerns about maintaining the white “racial purity”.

Question 9

Klondike Gold Rush

Answer 9

More than 100,000 people migrated to the Klondike region of north western Canada in search of gold (disappointed only 10,000ish got rich)

Question 10

Prohibition (Who pushed for it?)

Answer 10

Women and Protestants

Question 11

Impact of the Growth and Development of railroads

Answer 11

Became a major industry.
Stimulated other industries such as iron and steel production.
Opened way of settlement in the west, and accelerated new technologies

Question 12

Initiative, Referendum and Recall

Answer 12

​ Initiative, Referendum and Recall are three powers reserved to the voters to enable them, by petition, to propose or repeal legislation or to remove an elected official from office.​ Pursuant to state law (A.R.S.)
Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law.
Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto.
Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office

Question 13

W.E.B. DuBois and the Niagara Movement

Answer 13

They urged Black Americans to work for immediate recognition of equal political and civil rights.

Question 14

Political interest in Big Buisnesses

Answer 14

political support of big business, including monopolies that dominated entire industries

Question 15

Jacob Riis

Answer 15

Riis (1849–1914) was a journalist and social reformer who publicized the crises in housing, education, and poverty at the height of European immigration to New York City in the late nineteenth century.

Question 16

Booker T. Washington

Answer 16

Booker T. Washington was an educator and reformer, the first president and principal developer of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, now Tuskegee University, and the most influential spokesman for Black Americans between 1895 and 1915.

Question 17

Jane Addams

Answer 17

Jane Addams cofounded and led Hull House, one of the first settlement houses in North America. Hull House provided child care, practical and cultural training and education, and other services to the largely immigrant population of its Chicago neighbourhood. Addams also successfully advocated for social reform

Question 18

Ida B Wells

Answer 18

Wells Fought for Equal Education. As a former teacher, Ida B. Wells saw education as an important tool for the progress of Black people in America. As Wells became an anti-lynching advocate, a suffragist, and a leader in the fight against discrimination, she also sought equal education for Black children.

Question 19

19th Amendment

Answer 19

19th amendment granted women the right to vote. The 19th amendment legally guarantees American women the right to vote.

Question 20

Susan B Anthony

Answer 20

Susan B. Anthony was a pioneer crusader for women’s suffrage in the United States. She was president (1892–1900) of the National Woman Suffrage Association. Her work helped pave the way for the Nineteenth Amendment (1920) to the Constitution, giving women the right to vote.

Question 21

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 21

Author, lecturer, and chief philosopher of the woman’s rights and suffrage movements, Elizabeth Cady Stanton formulated the agenda for woman’s rights that guided the struggle well into the 20th century.

Question 22

Suffrage

Answer 22

the right or privilege to vote

Question 23

Uptown Sinclair and the effects of his Book

Answer 23

his novel inspired a national movement for food safety

Question 24

Nativism

Answer 24

As a result, politicians and the press frequently portrayed immigration as a threat to the nation.
That a new kind of immigrant was coming to America who was not white and was illiterate and unskilled.
Many people at this time believed that these immigrants would take jobs away from native born Americans for these reasons they wanted this type of immigration to stop.

Question 25

Impact of the Bessemer Process

Answer 25

By making steel production faster, cheaper, and more consistent, it enabled a wide range of new applications and industries to emerge, such as skyscrapers, bridges, ships, railways, and weapons.

Question 26

National Women’s Party

Answer 26

National Woman’s Party was an American women’s political organization formed in 1916 to fight for women’s suffrage. After achieving this goal with the 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the NWP advocated for other issues including the Equal Rights Amendment.

Question 27

17th Amendment

Answer 27

17th Amendment gave people the right to vote for their senators instead of the state legislature; this is called direct election, where the people choose who is in office.

Prior to its passage, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Question 28

16th Amendment

Answer 28

grants Congress the authority to issue an income tax without having to determine it based on population

Question 29

Interstate Commerce Act

Answer 29

created an Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee the conduct of the railroad industry. Regulates railroads (no overpricing). Helped farmers.

Question 30

Pure Food and Drug Act

Answer 30

United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines.

Question 31

Sherman Antitrust Act

Answer 31

a law the U.S. Congress passed to prohibit trusts, monopolies, and cartels. Its purpose was to promote economic fairness and competitiveness and to regulate interstate commerce

Question 32

Reasons for growth in labor unions

Answer 32

Their problems were low wages and unsafe working conditions. First, workers formed local unions in single factories. These unions used strikes to try to force employers to increase wages or make working conditions safer.

Question 33

Americanization movement

Answer 33

refers to the movement in the early 20th century to assimilate the new influx of immigrants from southern and central Europe. The movement was fueled by fears that the newcomers would threaten the American way of life during WWI and the Red Scare

Question 34

Theodore Roosevelt and Conservation

Answer 34

Theodore Roosevelt established approximately 230 million acres of public lands between 1901 and 1909, including 150 national forests, the first 55 federal bird reservation and game preserves, 5 national parks, and the first 18 national monuments.