Characteristic of Early America (Revolution, Independence, Constituiton) Flashcards
Characteristics of Early America
Life was difficult, however, a profound time for innovation.
Revolution, the right to representation, political independence, separation of church and state, nationalism, slavery, etc.
Characteristic of the Gilded Age
A time of great political corruption and wealth inequality in late 1800s.
- rapid economic growth
- scandalous politics
- corrupt industrialists
- greed and surpluses of wealth
Characteristics of Progressive Era
- labor rights
- women’s suffrage
- economic reform
- environmental protections
- welfare of the poor
- poor immigrants
Dawes Act
Authorized federal government to breakup tribal lands by partitioning them into individual plots (reservation lands).
Purpose: Destroy native cultures, create individual Americans, and open up land for white settlement on Native American reservation lands.
Homestead Act
Accelerated the settlement of the western territory by granting adult heads of families 160 acres of surveyed public land for a minimal filing fee and five years of continuous residence on that land.
Effects:
New resources became popular such as gold, timber, silver, and oil.
People began building towns and starting businesses, allowing the economy to grow and thrive.
As the towns grew, more jobs were created, which attracted more people to move out west.
Effects of Urbanization
Bad: deforestation, habitat loss, the extraction of freshwater from the environment, poor air and water quality, higher crime rates, pollution.
Good: creation of job opportunities, technological and infrastructural advancements, improved transportation and communication, quality education and medical facilities.
Philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie
His philanthropic interests centered around the goals of education and world peace.
One of his lifelong interests was the establishments of free public libraries to make available to everyone a means of self-education.
There were only a few public libraries in the world when in 1881, Carnegie began to promote his idea.
Chinese Exclusion Act
U.S federal law passed to prohibit all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years.
They passed it to placate worker demands and assuage concerns about maintaining the white “racial purity”.
Klondike Gold Rush
More than 100,000 people migrated to the Klondike region of north western Canada in search of gold (disappointed only 10,000ish got rich)
Prohibition (Who pushed for it?)
Women and Protestants
Impact of the Growth and Development of railroads
Became a major industry.
Stimulated other industries such as iron and steel production.
Opened way of settlement in the west, and accelerated new technologies
Initiative, Referendum and Recall
Initiative, Referendum and Recall are three powers reserved to the voters to enable them, by petition, to propose or repeal legislation or to remove an elected official from office. Pursuant to state law (A.R.S.)
Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law.
Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto.
Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office
W.E.B. DuBois and the Niagara Movement
They urged Black Americans to work for immediate recognition of equal political and civil rights.
Political interest in Big Buisnesses
political support of big business, including monopolies that dominated entire industries
Jacob Riis
Riis (1849–1914) was a journalist and social reformer who publicized the crises in housing, education, and poverty at the height of European immigration to New York City in the late nineteenth century.
Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington was an educator and reformer, the first president and principal developer of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, now Tuskegee University, and the most influential spokesman for Black Americans between 1895 and 1915.
Jane Addams
Jane Addams cofounded and led Hull House, one of the first settlement houses in North America. Hull House provided child care, practical and cultural training and education, and other services to the largely immigrant population of its Chicago neighbourhood. Addams also successfully advocated for social reform
Ida B Wells
Wells Fought for Equal Education. As a former teacher, Ida B. Wells saw education as an important tool for the progress of Black people in America. As Wells became an anti-lynching advocate, a suffragist, and a leader in the fight against discrimination, she also sought equal education for Black children.
19th Amendment
19th amendment granted women the right to vote. The 19th amendment legally guarantees American women the right to vote.
Susan B Anthony
Susan B. Anthony was a pioneer crusader for women’s suffrage in the United States. She was president (1892–1900) of the National Woman Suffrage Association. Her work helped pave the way for the Nineteenth Amendment (1920) to the Constitution, giving women the right to vote.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Author, lecturer, and chief philosopher of the woman’s rights and suffrage movements, Elizabeth Cady Stanton formulated the agenda for woman’s rights that guided the struggle well into the 20th century.
Suffrage
the right or privilege to vote
Uptown Sinclair and the effects of his Book
his novel inspired a national movement for food safety
Nativism
As a result, politicians and the press frequently portrayed immigration as a threat to the nation.
That a new kind of immigrant was coming to America who was not white and was illiterate and unskilled.
Many people at this time believed that these immigrants would take jobs away from native born Americans for these reasons they wanted this type of immigration to stop.
