4th Exam 1301 April Flashcards
Overseer
The overseer watched the slaves progress and disciplined those working too slowly.
Drivers
Drivers were slaves themselves. A driver might be convinced by a master to manage the slaves for better privileges. Drivers were usually hated by the rest of the slaves.
Slave Codes
Outlined the rights of slaves and the acceptable treatment and rules regarding slaves.
Southern Code
Addressed the behaviors of both men and women. Gentlemen must be courteous, truthful, and honorable. While women must be gracious and genteel.
Manumission
Many slaves became free through MANUMISSION, the voluntary emancipation of a slave by a slaveowner. Manumission was sometimes offered because slaves had outlived their usefulness or were held in special favor by their masters.
African Methodist Episcopal Church
It was established with black leadership and spread from Philadelphia to Charleston and many other areas in the South despite laws that forbade blacks from preaching.
Thomas L. Jennings
He invented a method for the dry cleaning of clothes.
Henry Blair Glenn Ross
He patented a seed planter and contributed to the advancement of science.
Treaty of 1818
This treaty called for the joint occupation of Oregon — only a temporary solution.
Conestoga Wagon
Oxen and supplies comprised most of the cost.
John Slidell
Was sent to Mexico with an offer. The United States would pay Mexico a combined sum of $30 million for the Texan boundary of the Rio Grande, New Mexico territory, and California.
Anti-expansionist
“A person opposed to expansion, esp. territorial or economic expansion.”
(Whigs)
“Bear Flag Republic”
was not taken seriously, but Fremont and his followers did march to Monterey to capture the Mexican PRESIDIO, or fort. By 1847, California was secure. (A revolt of American settlers in California against Mexican rule)
Treaty of Guadulupe Hidalgo
The MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR was formally concluded by the TREATY OF GUADALUPE-HIDALGO.
By its terms, Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory.
David Wilmot
His proposal divided both parties along sectional lines. He could be considered racist today.
“Slave power”
Jumped off the lips of northern lawmakers when they angrily referred to their southern colleagues.
Salmon P. Chase
He commemorated the $10,000 bill, founded the Free Soil Party in 1848.
This party advocated an end to the spread of American slavery and elected 14 representatives and two senators to the federal government.
Gag Rule
Forbidden the discussion of slavery for much of the previous decade.
Lewis Class (Michigan)
Democratic candidate for President in the election of 1848, coined the term “popular sovereignty”.
Millard Fillmore
Successor of President Zachary Taylor, he was interested in compromise and by 5 months after the death of the President he immediately makes the “Clays Compromise” a law.
Fugitive Slave Law
Requiring northerners to return runaway slaves to their owners under penalty of law.
Senator Stephen A. Douglas (of Illinois)
The person behind the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Republican Party
Non-slavery interests, the party of Abraham Lincoln.
Border Ruffians
Infamous people who threatened to shoot, burn and hang those who opposed slavery.
Free Soilers
Drew up a free state constitution and elected a separate governor and state legislature located in Topeka.
Beecher Bibles
A other name for boxes of Sharp rifles shipped to anti-slavery forces.
The name for the rifles came from the antislavery preacher, Henry Ward Beecher, noting that a rifle might be a more powerful moral agent on the Kansas plain than a Bible.
Star of the West
An unarmed merchant vessel that President James Buchanan sent 200 soldiers and supplies on to reinforce Anderson.
General Pierre Gustave
He began the Civil War when Confederate artillery, under the command of him, opened fire on Fort Sumter.
Army of Northern Virginia
General Irvin McDowell did not want to fight but was pressured to act on July 18 (three months after the war had begun) McDowell marched his army of 37,000 into Virginia.
Bloody Lane
Country road between two farms, filled with dead and dying sometimes two and three deep.
Siege of St. Petesburg
For nine months, Grant and Lee faced each other from 53 miles of trenches during this Siege.
Wilmer Mclean
His home was a meeting point for Lee and Grant to offer a surrender.
Gentleman’s Agreement
The agreement of surrender was nicknamed this due to the character of both generals (Grant and Lee)
Emancipation Proclamation
Declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free. (made by President Lincoln)
Copperheads
Also known as “Peace,” Democrats repeatedly thwarted the President’s leadership initiatives.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
At age 12, with $100 in borrowed money, “Commodore” Cornelius Vanderbilt began building a shipping and railroad empire. He died the wealthiest man in America.
Women’s Role
Women’s roles changed dramatically during the war. Before the war, women of the North had already been prominent in some industries, including textiles, clothing, and shoe-making. With the conflict, there were significant increases in the employment of women in occupations.
Clara Barton
Working in a patent office, became one of the most admired nurses during the war and, as a result of her experiences, formed the AMERICAN RED CROSS.
Draft Riot in NYC 1863
When recruiting for the army began in July 1863, a mob in New York wrecked the main recruiting station. Then, for three days, crowds of white workers marched through the city, destroying buildings, factories, streetcar lines, homes. The draft riots were complex — anti-Black, anti-rich, anti-Republican.
Food Riots
occurred in Mobile, Atlanta and Richmond. Over the course of the war, inflation in the South caused prices to rise by 9000%.
Angels of the Battlefield
Civil War nurses were sometimes called “angels of the battlefield,” working long hours to heal and comfort wounded and dying soldiers.
James Seddon
the Confederate Secretary of War said he could not account for 1/3 of the army. After the fall of Atlanta, soldiers worried more about their families then staying to fight for their new country. Much of the Confederate army started home to pick up the pieces of their shattered lives.
