Chapts 7-8 Flashcards
Columbus sailed the ocean blue in ________?
1492
Who sponsored Columbus’ voyage?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
Which was the flagship of Columbus’ 3 ships?
Santa Maria
T or F, those 3 ships were strong and built for navigating the open seas.
False, they were built for trade on the Mediterranean Sea.
T or F, Columbus died believing he had discovered a brand new land.
False, he thought it was the Indies.
T or F, Greenland is a luscious green country that lots of people live in.
False, ice sheet, hardly any people
Who discovered America?
There were thousands of people already living here (Natives) before Bjarni, Leif, or Columbus.
Explain why Columbus, not Leif Eriksson, gets the scientific credit for discovering America?
Columbus made it known to a wider audience, understanding the importance of it, and he told others.
What is the name of the passageway Magellan and his crew sailed through in South America?
Strait of Magellan
What does the word “Pacific” mean?
Peaceful
T or F, Magellan made it all the way back home on his long journey.
False, died in a fighting incident in the Philippines
Magellan’s voyage with crew lasted 3 years, starting with 5 ships, 280 men. What and who made it home?
1 ship (Victoria), 18 sick and half-starved men, commanded by Sebastian del Cano
Gentle wind that touches the surface of calm water.
Cat’s Paw
Hot, dry winds that move from the Rocky Mountains, growing hotter and drier as they move, to California.
Santa Ana
Carries clouds of dust and sand. It means “poison wind.”
Simoom
A ________ season happens in India and many of the countries surrounding it, along with West Africa
Monsoon
Nearer to the U.S. mainland, sailors might run into this wind. is a fast-moving, strong, rainy wind over land or water – it comes up suddenly and moves quickly. It lasts only a few minutes.
Squall
If wind picks up in areas with a lot of flat land, such as the prairies of the Midwest, it can travel for thousands of miles without being stopped, reaching up to 100 mph. As it travels, it gains speed and can damage farms, rooftops, grain elevators, and take off the topsoil.
Windstorms
How is wind made/caused?
Wind is caused by air in motion, convection currents and the rotation of the earth.
Movement of heat by currents within a substance. makes warmer air or liquid rise and cooler to fall/sink.
Convection
Hot air that spirals up into the air. (We sometimes call them dust devils in the U.S.)
Whirlwind
A specific type of whirlwind that is the most violent of all winds. They typically last for just a few minutes, sometimes a few seconds.
Tornado
At night, this breeze reverses direction and flows out to
the sea. It is technically a “land breeze” at this point. Also produced by convection currents.
Sea breeze
These winds are so strong that if a small airplane is flying the wrong direction against the wind, they can
actually be motionless. These winds are located 5-10 miles above the surface. There is a main one in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern.
Jet streams
Rapidly rotating storm system over the ocean. We also call it a tropical cyclone or a typhoon. They suck up water out of the ocean and grow in their strength.
Hurricane
Brothers who invented the hot air balloon
Montgolfier brothers
What did sailors call a lack of wind?
“the doldrums”
Lack of wind
smog
The strongest winds at the equator are called?
Trade Winds
Both hemispheres contain very predictable winds called the …..
westerlies and easterlies
What causes jet streams?
earth rotation
The great Italian scientist who would give us accurate clocks and a better telescope. Didn’t think there was a connection between the tides and the Moon.
Galileo
Understood gravity – he worked out the theory of gravity (which Einstein later tweaked a bit) and understood that the pull of the Moon and the Sun on the Earth could cause the tides.
Isaac Newton
What was the name of Newton’s friend who encouraged him to publish a book?
Edmund Halley
Newton worked on his book – based on 20 years of his scientific research. It was called _______ and would be the most important science book ever published.
Principia
The Moon’s gravity attracts the water on the Earth, causing it to ____ ___.
bulge up
__ ____ affects the tides, too. Its gravitational pull is bigger, but it is further away.
The Sun
When the tides are weakest, during the first quarter and third quarter Moon, they are called this.
Neap tides
In 1705, Queen Anne knighted him – the first person to receive knighthood for scientific achievement. Because of his huge scientific achievements, he is known as the greatest genius and scientist of all time.
Sir Isaac Newton
T or F: Wherever the ocean is closest to the Moon
there will be a high tide.
True
Full Moon and new Moon cause the highest tides achievable twice a month and these tides are called....
Spring Tides
Spring tides occur during these types of moons.
full & new
How are tide sizes are calculated?
by how much
the water rises from the low tide to the
high tide
Tide sizes depend on what?
The land that it strikes
What is another name for a tornado?
Cyclone, waterspout, twister
What is the type of heat transfer that happens in liquids and gases?
Convection
What is the degree of the Earth’s tilt?
23.5
How far does the Earth rotate in 24 hours (degrees)?
360
What are the names of the predictable winds caused by the rotation of the Earth?
Trade winds, westerlies, easterlies
What do we call the technology that captures wind and produces electricity?
Wind turbines / Wind energy
What is the name for rivers of wind that occur high up in the sky and cause our weather?
jet stream
Which scientist did not think there was a connection between the
tides and the Moon?
Galileo
At which two Moon phases will we get the highest tides during the month?
Full & new
What are the tides called at the opposite Moon phases, 1st quarter Moon & 3rd quarter Moon?
Neap
What is the name of the location where tides can drop as much as 70 feet?
Bay of Fundy
