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Exploring Planet Earth MPO Chpts 1-2 > Chapts 19-20 > Flashcards

Chapts 19-20 Flashcards

1
Q

How did the Montgolfier brothers first discover hot air floated?

A

Threw paper bags in fire and watched them go up the chimney

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2
Q

How do hot air balloons work?

A

Via convection currents: hot air is lighter/less dense than cold; hot air goes up, cold sinks

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3
Q

Who were technically the first riders to go up in a hot air balloon?

A

Sheep, duck, rooster

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4
Q

Who were the first humans to go up in a hot air balloon?

A

Pilatre de Rozier and Marquis d’Arlandes, French chemistry/physics teacher and a nobleman

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5
Q

Why did Jacques Charles pick hydrogen gas for his balloon?

A

Lightest element, lightest gas

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6
Q

What additional controls did Jacques Charles include on his revamped balloon?

A

Sandbags to release sand that would lift the balloon higher, gas valve to release hydrogen that would lower it

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7
Q

What happened to Gay-Lussac when he went to high up in the atmosphere and why?

A

Passed out because the air was too thin, not enough oxygen

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8
Q

Which artist wrote a book about the flight of birds and

drew sketches of aircraft before they were ever invented?

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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9
Q

Who created a glider that could carry a man?

A

Otto Lilienthal

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10
Q

Who developed the houseboat launching station for his aircraft?

A

Samuel Langley

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11
Q

Why did Langley quit trying to create and fly aircraft?

A

All fell in water, none could fly

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12
Q

What were the Wright brothers first known for?

A

Bicycles

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13
Q

Who built the first engine the Wright brothers put in their aircraft?

A

They did

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14
Q

Who was the first man to fly to both the south pole and north pole?

A

Richard Byrd

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15
Q

What is Angel Falls and who discovered it?

A

Highest waterfall in the world, half mile, Jimmie Angel

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16
Q

Who was an American engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor born in 1882? In 1899, when he was 17, Henry Ford began to manufacture automobiles and forever changed our transportation on the ground.

A

Robert Hutchings Goddard

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17
Q

What famous event took place in 1903?

A

The Wright brothers made the first successful flights.

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18
Q

Who started out with a challenging life, lots of illness

that left him behind other kids his age in school?

A

Robert Hutchings Goddard

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19
Q

Who began researching rockets, the atmosphere, the theory of flight, astronomy, and high altitude?

A

Robert Hutchings Goddard

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20
Q

Even though the world was at the beginning of traveling
without horses or feet, Goddard understood that ______
had potential. His dream was to send one to the moon.

A

Rockets

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21
Q

Who was the first to invent and use projectile rockets in the 1000s-1200s? Originally they were probably just a simple firework, meant for celebration, filled with burning gun powder that they had also invented

A

The Chinese

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22
Q

What is gunpowder made of?

A

Sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate.

23
Q

Those early rockets were called _____ ______ rockets because the gun powder was solid material.

A

solid-fuel

24
Q

What did other country’s turn the Chinese rocket into?

A

Weapons

25
Q

The British fired rockets during the War of ____,

commemorated in the United States’ national anthem (“and the rocket’s red glare”).

A

1812

26
Q

Who graduated top of his class at Worchester Polytechnic Institute? He continued working on rockets. He wrote “A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes” in 1914 (published in 1919), which got him some attention. The Smithsonian Institute gave him money for experiments. With it, he developed the first liquid-fuel rocket, using kerosene and liquid oxygen.

A

Robert Hutchings Goddard

27
Q

Robert Hutchings Goddard lit the rocket with a blow torch and it shot away from the frame holding it, flying about ___ ____ – the first successful flight of a modern rocket.

A

200 feet

28
Q

Who said that rockets wouldn’t work in space because there would be nothing for the rocket motor to push against with no atmospheric gases present?

A

The New York Times

29
Q

Who said this:
“It is difficult to say what is impossible, for the dream of
yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow.”

A

Dr. Robert Hutchings Goddard

30
Q

Who became a famous aviator by the late 1920s & 1930s, and had done several famous solo flights? He was a celebrity in the U.S. He arranged for Goddard to receive money to keep developing his rockets.

A

Charles Lindbergh

31
Q

How many feet long was the V-2?

A

46 feet long

32
Q

How many feet across was the V-2?

A

5 ½ feet

33
Q

How much did the V-2 weigh?

A

13 tons with its fuel

34
Q

What did the V-2 use for fuel?

A

Alcohol

35
Q

During wartime what useful thing did V-2 carry?

A

Explosives

36
Q

How much could the V-2 carry?

A

2000 pounds

37
Q

How did they increase the capacity of the V-2?

A

By adding a smaller rocket on the side

38
Q

How many miles per hour could the V-2 reach?

A

5150 mph

39
Q

How many miles above the earth could the V-2 go?

A

250 miles

40
Q

What year did the V-2 launch?

A

1943

41
Q

Around this time (1948) von Braun wrote ____ ____ ________ where he explained that one-day mankind could go into space and explore other planets.

A

“The Mars Project”

42
Q

What event happened in 1957?

A

The Soviet Union had developed an artificial satellite and had plans to send it into orbit.

43
Q

The ________ _____ is a field of charged particles that are held there because of the Earth’s magnetic field.

A

Radiation belt

.

44
Q

What year did the U.S send their first man to the moon?

A

1969

45
Q

Who said this:

“Seeing Earth (from space) has to change a man has to make a man appreciate the creation of God and the love of God.”

A

Astronaut Jim Irwin of Apollo 15

46
Q

How do rockets work?

A

Gases inside are set on fire, rocket gains upward momentum from gases shooting out back

47
Q

Who wrote “A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes”?

A

Richard Goddard

48
Q

What liquid did the first liquid-fueled rocket Goddard developed contain?

A

Kerosene (and liquid oxygen)

49
Q

True or False:

Thousands of people came to see Goddard set off his liquid-fuel rocket in 1925.

A

F (only a couple)

50
Q

Who helped pay for Goddard to continue his research on rockets?

A

Charles Lindbergh

51
Q

Where did Goddard and his wife move to where they set up a permanent launch tower?

A

Roswell, NM

52
Q

What type of rocket did Wernher von Braun help develop?

A

Two-stage rocket (smaller rocket strapped to a larger one)

53
Q

What did Explorer I, the U.S.’s first satellite, discover?

A

Radiation belt

Exploring Planet Earth MPO Chpts 1-2 (12 decks)

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