Chapts 11-12

Question 1

Are the oceans in constant motion?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Was Columbus able to utilize currents to carry his ships westward from Spain?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

_____ _____was the first to trace out ocean currents.

Answer 3

Matthew Maury

Question 4

who was an American naval officer, a midshipman, who
grew up in Virginia? He thought he’d eventually command his own ship, but broke a leg in a stagecoach accident which meant he could no longer serve at sea.

Answer 4

Matthew Maury

Question 5

Who said this “There is a river in the sea.”?

Answer 5

Matthew Maury

Question 6

What causes ocean currents?

Answer 6

Temperature differences

Question 7

Where does warm water come from

on the Earth?

Answer 7

The equator

Question 8

What happens to water that is near the

poles?

Answer 8

It sinks because it is cold. The warm
water swoops in to replace that cold
water which has sunk. Warm water,
like that in the Gulf Stream, is flowing
toward the poles.

Question 9

The Gulf Stream and most of the other currents carry
warm water. There is also a cold water current called
the Humboldt, located in the ______.

Answer 9

Pacific.

Question 10

Which is heavier, salt water or fresh water?

Answer 10

Salt water – why?

Weighs more, is more dense

Question 11

True or False:
California and Florida would be much hotter without currents coming through and taking away the hot water at those locations.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Another ocean achievement is the Submerged ______ _____ that was laid on the ocean floor connecting Europe to America.

Answer 12

Transatlantic cable

Question 13

What is the study of weather called?

Answer 13

Meteorology

Question 14

What is the study of the oceans called?

Answer 14

Oceanology

Question 15

There are 3 main spheres on the Earth – think of the Earth like an onion. What are the names of them?

Answer 15

lithosphere (the solid ground), the hydrosphere (all the liquid on the Earth - water), and the atmosphere (air – gas).

Question 16

What does litho mean?

Answer 16

Stone

Question 17

True or False:

We can dig down a certain amount – up to about 3 miles is the deepest humans can go before it gets too hot.

Answer 17

False, we can oldy dig down to 2 miles.

Question 18

What are the names of some of the things we mine for?

Answer 18

We mine for coal, salt, granite, marble,
sand, gold, copper, iron, diamonds
and gemstones.

Question 19

The core of the Earth is estimated to

have a radius of ______ miles.

Answer 19

2,200 miles

Question 20

The core is probably made of…?

Answer 20

iron and nickel

Question 21

The mantle is around 1800 miles thick
and is made of all kinds of minerals,
especially _____ and ______.

Answer 21

iron and magnesium.

Question 22

how far down can a submarine go?

Answer 22

600 feet

Question 23

What does the Name Bathysphere mean?

Answer 23

deep sphere

Question 24

What does Sinecure mean?

Answer 24

without care

Question 25

What do currents carry that helps sea animals?

Answer 25

Currents carry oxygen-rich water into deep trenches.

Question 26

what are some facts about the Gulf stream?

Answer 26

it is 50 miles wide.
it is 1/2 a mile deep.
it can go up to 4mph

Question 27

What is the deepest part of the ocean?

Answer 27

Marianas Trench

Question 28

What book in the bible did Mathew Maury read about the paths in the sea?

Answer 28

Psalm 8

Question 29

what was the name of Maury’s observatory?

Answer 29

the United States Naval Observatory

Question 30

Benjamin Franklin had investigated an ocean current known as…?

Answer 30

the Gulf Stream

Question 31

What is the reason why certain species can survive in the deepest trenches, such as the Marianas Trench, located off the coast of Japan?

Answer 31

The currents circulate the water

Question 32

Currents not only circulate oxygen through the water,

but they bring ___ _____ to regions that might otherwise stay too cold, like the British Isles.

Answer 32

Warm water

Question 33

What was the name of Matthew Maury’s book?

Answer 33

Physical Geography of the Sea

Question 34

What saying did Maury have on his tombstone?

Answer 34

“…whatsoever passeth through the paths of the sea,”

Question 35

If you walk out into the middle of a field and dig down a few feet, you’ll hit what is called ______, or parent material.

Answer 35

bedrock

Question 36

Scientists estimate that volcanic eruptions bring up the molten rock (lava) from as deep as _____ miles underground.

Answer 36

20

Question 37

Earth’s ________ _____ is partly what
keeps our planet and our lives in
existence.

Answer 37

magnetic field

Question 38

What minerals is the Earth’s crust made out of?

Answer 38

oxygen and silicon

Question 39

There is a special region of the Earth where crust and mantle called the _______ ______.

Answer 39

Moho Discontinuity

Question 40

What percentage of water in on the earth’s surface?

Answer 40

71%