Chapts 11-12 Flashcards
Are the oceans in constant motion?
Yes
Was Columbus able to utilize currents to carry his ships westward from Spain?
Yes
_____ _____was the first to trace out ocean currents.
Matthew Maury
who was an American naval officer, a midshipman, who
grew up in Virginia? He thought he’d eventually command his own ship, but broke a leg in a stagecoach accident which meant he could no longer serve at sea.
Matthew Maury
Who said this “There is a river in the sea.”?
Matthew Maury
What causes ocean currents?
Temperature differences
Where does warm water come from
on the Earth?
The equator
What happens to water that is near the
poles?
It sinks because it is cold. The warm water swoops in to replace that cold water which has sunk. Warm water, like that in the Gulf Stream, is flowing toward the poles.
The Gulf Stream and most of the other currents carry
warm water. There is also a cold water current called
the Humboldt, located in the ______.
Pacific.
Which is heavier, salt water or fresh water?
Salt water – why?
Weighs more, is more dense
True or False:
California and Florida would be much hotter without currents coming through and taking away the hot water at those locations.
True
Another ocean achievement is the Submerged ______ _____ that was laid on the ocean floor connecting Europe to America.
Transatlantic cable
What is the study of weather called?
Meteorology
What is the study of the oceans called?
Oceanology
There are 3 main spheres on the Earth – think of the Earth like an onion. What are the names of them?
lithosphere (the solid ground), the hydrosphere (all the liquid on the Earth - water), and the atmosphere (air – gas).
What does litho mean?
Stone
True or False:
We can dig down a certain amount – up to about 3 miles is the deepest humans can go before it gets too hot.
False, we can oldy dig down to 2 miles.
What are the names of some of the things we mine for?
We mine for coal, salt, granite, marble,
sand, gold, copper, iron, diamonds
and gemstones.
The core of the Earth is estimated to
have a radius of ______ miles.
2,200 miles
The core is probably made of…?
iron and nickel
The mantle is around 1800 miles thick
and is made of all kinds of minerals,
especially _____ and ______.
iron and magnesium.
how far down can a submarine go?
600 feet
What does the Name Bathysphere mean?
deep sphere
What does Sinecure mean?
without care
What do currents carry that helps sea animals?
Currents carry oxygen-rich water into deep trenches.
what are some facts about the Gulf stream?
it is 50 miles wide.
it is 1/2 a mile deep.
it can go up to 4mph
What is the deepest part of the ocean?
Marianas Trench
What book in the bible did Mathew Maury read about the paths in the sea?
Psalm 8
what was the name of Maury’s observatory?
the United States Naval Observatory
Benjamin Franklin had investigated an ocean current known as…?
the Gulf Stream
What is the reason why certain species can survive in the deepest trenches, such as the Marianas Trench, located off the coast of Japan?
The currents circulate the water
Currents not only circulate oxygen through the water,
but they bring ___ _____ to regions that might otherwise stay too cold, like the British Isles.
Warm water
What was the name of Matthew Maury’s book?
Physical Geography of the Sea
What saying did Maury have on his tombstone?
“…whatsoever passeth through the paths of the sea,”
If you walk out into the middle of a field and dig down a few feet, you’ll hit what is called ______, or parent material.
bedrock
Scientists estimate that volcanic eruptions bring up the molten rock (lava) from as deep as _____ miles underground.
20
Earth’s ________ _____ is partly what
keeps our planet and our lives in
existence.
magnetic field
What minerals is the Earth’s crust made out of?
oxygen and silicon
There is a special region of the Earth where crust and mantle called the _______ ______.
Moho Discontinuity
What percentage of water in on the earth’s surface?
71%
