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Blood Banking > Chapters 9 and 11 > Flashcards

Chapters 9 and 11 Flashcards

Exam 5

1
Q

Involves all the step in the identification and testing of a donor unit and a proposed recipient’s blood

A

Compatibility testing

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2
Q

Routinely only performed with donor products that contain red blood cells (RBC units)

A

Crossmatch

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3
Q

This is performed for RBC transfusion

A

Crossmatch

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4
Q

This procedure involved mixing RBC’s from donor unit with plasma from transfusion recipient

A

Crossmatch

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5
Q

What is the interpretation of when there is no agglutination observed indicating no interaction between donor RBCs and patient plasma

A

Compatible

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6
Q

What is the interpretation of when there agglutination observed indicating interaction between donor RBC and patient’s plasma

A

Incompatible

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7
Q

Crossmatch serves as what?

A

Double check of ABO errors and provides a 2nd means of detecting antibodies and checks antibody screen

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8
Q

What does crossmatch design to detect?

A

donor units that are unlikely to survive normally once transfused.

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9
Q

This standard and regulation governing the crossmatch must be performed using patient’s plasma and RBCs taken from a segment originally attached to the blood product bag

A

AABB

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10
Q

This crossmatch is performed when the recipient has no evidence of an antibody in the current sample or historical record

A

IS crossmatching

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11
Q

This crossmatch use recipient serum and donor RBC suspension are mixed and immediately centrifuged

A

IS crossmatch

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12
Q

This test has all phases (IS, 37C, AHG) performed if the patient demonstrates a clinically significant antibody in the current samples or in the historical record.

A

Antiglobulin test.

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13
Q

What are limitations of crossmatch

A

Acceptable crossmatch does not guarantee a successful transfusion outcome.

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14
Q

Demonstrates ABO incompatibility and clinically significant antibodies to RBC antigens

A

Crossmatching

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15
Q

D negative units should be given to what recipients

A

D negative recipients.

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16
Q

Antigen negative blood should be given if what is formed

A

Anti-D antibody

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17
Q

Antigen-negative units are recommended for the following antibodies

A

ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd

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18
Q

Blood products may be reissued if the closure has not been entered and

A

Unit has been kept between the upper and lower temperature conditions of 1-10C
Unit was stored at room temp and returned within 30 minutes

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19
Q

What is massive transfusion

A

Total volume exchange of blood within 24 hours.

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20
Q

What products do not need to be crossmatched and why

A

Plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. Does not contain RBC due to no antigens present

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21
Q

transfusion safety measures are incorporated at all steps of blood collection, donor processing, and transfusion protocols but complications of transfusion occur and not always preventable.

A

Adverse transfusion reaction

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22
Q

This model is used to track, analyze, and ultimately improve transfusion outcomes. Reported on a monthly basis

A

Hemovigilance model

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23
Q

Transfusion reaction within 24 hours

24
Q

Transfusion reaction greater than 24 hours to 30 days

A

Delayed reactions

25
This reaction is immune mediated and rapid destruction of RBCs within 24 hours of transfusion.
Acute hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
26
This transfusion reaction has signs ranging in severity from fever to death, is ABO incompatibility
Acute Hemolytic transfusion reactions.
27
10ml of incompatible blood can produced what?
produce symptoms
28
In AHTRs what does the antibody do?
binds to incompatible RBC antigens
29
Complement is activated (IgM) which causes intravascular hemolysis is what reaction
AHTRs- acute hemolytic transfusion reactions
30
this reaction is immune mediated, and symptoms appear after 24 hours. It is less severe than acute hemolytic reactions
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
31
Common antibodies of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions
Rh, Kidd, Duffy, Kell, MNS
32
What reaction has DAT positive, posttransfusion antibody screen pos, decrease of hemoglobin and hematocrit
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
33
What does a positive DAT mean
antibody is coating red cells and hemolyzing
34
What are some examples of nonimmune hemolytic anemia?
Exposure of RBCs to extreme temp improper deglycerolizing Mechanical destruction of RBC Bacterially contaminated blood products
35
This reaction is acute, and immune mediated, and is similar to acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
36
What causes Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion reaction
Antibodies to donor WBCs and the cytokines released by WBCs during blood product storage
37
DAT is negative and there is no visible hemolysis. What reaction is it?
Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion reaction
38
This reaction is acute, immune-mediated and is caused by soluble allergens in donor plasma (plasma products)
Allergic and Anaphylactic Transfusion reaction
39
IgE in recipient reacts with allergen (plasma proteins) activating mast cells
Allergic reaction
40
Recipient forms antibodies to IgA antibodies
Anaphylactic reaction
41
Allergic reactions will have positive or negative DAT and hemolysis?
DAT: neg No visible hemolysis
42
Anaphylactic will have positive or negative DAT and hemolysis?
DAT: neg No visible hemolysis
43
What test would you perform for anaphylactic reaction?
Perform IgA antigen (anti-IgA test)
44
This reaction is the leading cause of mortality from transfusion reaction and is acute, immune-mediated
transfusion-related acute lung injury
45
What do people believe causes Transfusion-related acute ling injury?
Interaction of recipient based risks and transfusion event or donor with pregnancy history causing anti-HLA and anti-HNA
46
This reaction is rare but highly lethal and is a delayed, immune-mediated
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
47
TA-GVHD happens due to?
Donor lymphocytes in cellular blood component transfused to HLA similar recipient or immunocompetent patients
48
Irradiation eliminates what?
The ability of leukocytes to replicate and mount an immune response
49
This reaction is acute, non-immune mediates and is caused by infusion volume that cannot be effectively processed by recipient either due to high rate and/or volume of infusion
Transfusion-Associated Circulatory overload (TACO)
50
2nd cause of mortality from transfusion
Transfusion-associates circulatory overload (TACO)
51
This reaction is from accumulation of excess iron in macrophages in tissues and is delayed, non-immune
Hemosiderosis
52
This occurs in patients undergoing long-term transfusions
Hemosiderosis
53
When large quantities of large quantities of citrated blood are transfused Delayed, non-immune
Citrate toxicity
54
Citrate toxicity may have adverse effects in
Receiving large volumes of blood Impaired liver functions Preterm infants with hepatic or renal insufficiency
55
Purpura and bleeding follow platelet count significantly decreases 5-12 days after transfusion and is a delayed, immune mediated reaction
Posttransfusion purpura

Blood Banking (3 decks)

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