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Blood Banking > Chapters 9 and 11 > Flashcards

Chapters 9 and 11 Flashcards

Exam 5

1
Q

Involves all the step in the identification and testing of a donor unit and a proposed recipient’s blood

A

Compatibility testing

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2
Q

Routinely only performed with donor products that contain red blood cells (RBC units)

A

Crossmatch

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3
Q

This is performed for RBC transfusion

A

Crossmatch

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4
Q

This procedure involved mixing RBC’s from donor unit with plasma from transfusion recipient

A

Crossmatch

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5
Q

What is the interpretation of when there is no agglutination observed indicating no interaction between donor RBCs and patient plasma

A

Compatible

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6
Q

What is the interpretation of when there agglutination observed indicating interaction between donor RBC and patient’s plasma

A

Incompatible

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7
Q

Crossmatch serves as what?

A

Double check of ABO errors and provides a 2nd means of detecting antibodies and checks antibody screen

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8
Q

What does crossmatch design to detect?

A

donor units that are unlikely to survive normally once transfused.

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9
Q

This standard and regulation governing the crossmatch must be performed using patient’s plasma and RBCs taken from a segment originally attached to the blood product bag

A

AABB

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10
Q

This crossmatch is performed when the recipient has no evidence of an antibody in the current sample or historical record

A

IS crossmatching

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11
Q

This crossmatch use recipient serum and donor RBC suspension are mixed and immediately centrifuged

A

IS crossmatch

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12
Q

This test has all phases (IS, 37C, AHG) performed if the patient demonstrates a clinically significant antibody in the current samples or in the historical record.

A

Antiglobulin test.

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13
Q

What are limitations of crossmatch

A

Acceptable crossmatch does not guarantee a successful transfusion outcome.

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14
Q

Demonstrates ABO incompatibility and clinically significant antibodies to RBC antigens

A

Crossmatching

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15
Q

D negative units should be given to what recipients

A

D negative recipients.

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16
Q

Antigen negative blood should be given if what is formed

A

Anti-D antibody

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17
Q

Antigen-negative units are recommended for the following antibodies

A

ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd

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18
Q

Blood products may be reissued if the closure has not been entered and

A

Unit has been kept between the upper and lower temperature conditions of 1-10C
Unit was stored at room temp and returned within 30 minutes

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19
Q

What is massive transfusion

A

Total volume exchange of blood within 24 hours.

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20
Q

What products do not need to be crossmatched and why

A

Plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. Does not contain RBC due to no antigens present

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21
Q

transfusion safety measures are incorporated at all steps of blood collection, donor processing, and transfusion protocols but complications of transfusion occur and not always preventable.

A

Adverse transfusion reaction

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22
Q

This model is used to track, analyze, and ultimately improve transfusion outcomes. Reported on a monthly basis

A

Hemovigilance model

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23
Q

Transfusion reaction within 24 hours

A

Acute

24
Q

Transfusion reaction greater than 24 hours to 30 days

A

Delayed reactions

25
Q

This reaction is immune mediated and rapid destruction of RBCs within 24 hours of transfusion.

A

Acute hemolytic Transfusion Reactions

26
Q

This transfusion reaction has signs ranging in severity from fever to death, is ABO incompatibility

A

Acute Hemolytic transfusion reactions.

27
Q

10ml of incompatible blood can produced what?

A

produce symptoms

28
Q

In AHTRs what does the antibody do?

A

binds to incompatible RBC antigens

29
Q

Complement is activated (IgM) which causes intravascular hemolysis is what reaction

A

AHTRs- acute hemolytic transfusion reactions

30
Q

this reaction is immune mediated, and symptoms appear after 24 hours. It is less severe than acute hemolytic reactions

A

Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction

31
Q

Common antibodies of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions

A

Rh, Kidd, Duffy, Kell, MNS

32
Q

What reaction has DAT positive, posttransfusion antibody screen pos, decrease of hemoglobin and hematocrit

A

Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction

33
Q

What does a positive DAT mean

A

antibody is coating red cells and hemolyzing

34
Q

What are some examples of nonimmune hemolytic anemia?

A

Exposure of RBCs to extreme temp
improper deglycerolizing
Mechanical destruction of RBC
Bacterially contaminated blood products

35
Q

This reaction is acute, and immune mediated, and is similar to acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction

36
Q

What causes Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion reaction

A

Antibodies to donor WBCs and the cytokines released by WBCs during blood product storage

37
Q

DAT is negative and there is no visible hemolysis. What reaction is it?

A

Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion reaction

38
Q

This reaction is acute, immune-mediated and is caused by soluble allergens in donor plasma (plasma products)

A

Allergic and Anaphylactic Transfusion reaction

39
Q

IgE in recipient reacts with allergen (plasma proteins) activating mast cells

A

Allergic reaction

40
Q

Recipient forms antibodies to IgA antibodies

A

Anaphylactic reaction

41
Q

Allergic reactions will have positive or negative DAT and hemolysis?

A

DAT: neg
No visible hemolysis

42
Q

Anaphylactic will have positive or negative DAT and hemolysis?

A

DAT: neg
No visible hemolysis

43
Q

What test would you perform for anaphylactic reaction?

A

Perform IgA antigen (anti-IgA test)

44
Q

This reaction is the leading cause of mortality from transfusion reaction and is acute, immune-mediated

A

transfusion-related acute lung injury

45
Q

What do people believe causes Transfusion-related acute ling injury?

A

Interaction of recipient based risks and transfusion event or donor with pregnancy history causing anti-HLA and anti-HNA

46
Q

This reaction is rare but highly lethal and is a delayed, immune-mediated

A

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease

47
Q

TA-GVHD happens due to?

A

Donor lymphocytes in cellular blood component transfused to HLA similar recipient or immunocompetent patients

48
Q

Irradiation eliminates what?

A

The ability of leukocytes to replicate and mount an immune response

49
Q

This reaction is acute, non-immune mediates and is caused by infusion volume that cannot be effectively processed by recipient either due to high rate and/or volume of infusion

A

Transfusion-Associated Circulatory overload (TACO)

50
Q

2nd cause of mortality from transfusion

A

Transfusion-associates circulatory overload (TACO)

51
Q

This reaction is from accumulation of excess iron in macrophages in tissues and is delayed, non-immune

A

Hemosiderosis

52
Q

This occurs in patients undergoing long-term transfusions

A

Hemosiderosis

53
Q

When large quantities of large quantities of citrated blood are transfused
Delayed, non-immune

A

Citrate toxicity

54
Q

Citrate toxicity may have adverse effects in

A

Receiving large volumes of blood
Impaired liver functions
Preterm infants with hepatic or renal insufficiency

55
Q

Purpura and bleeding follow
platelet count significantly decreases 5-12 days after transfusion and is a delayed, immune mediated reaction

A

Posttransfusion purpura

Blood Banking (3 decks)

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