Chapters 9-12 Study Guide

Question 1

How did independence affect the economies of Latin American nations?

a. It opened their markets to competitive U.S. and European manufactured goods.
b. It reduced the number of wealthy government officials who could afford to purchase luxury
goods.
c. It caused European engineers and other skilled workers to return home.
d. It eliminated Spanish and Portuguese subsidies for the development of roads and harbors.

Answer 1

a. It opened their markets to competitive U.S. and European manufactured goods.

Question 2

What country was initially prevented from industrializing because of a lack of free laborers?

a. Germany
b. Italy
c. Britain
d. Russia

Answer 2

d. Russia

Question 3

Which invention enabled nineteenth-century manufacturers to power machinery where steam
engines were too big to be used?

a. water wheels
b. internal combustion engines
c. wind turbines
d. solar-powered

Answer 3

b. internal combustion engines

Question 4

To whom is the invention of the radio attributed?

a. Thomas Edison
b. Alexander Graham Bell
c. Guglielmo Marconi
d. Henry Ford

Answer 4

c. Guglielmo Marconi

Question 5

After the Meiji Restoration, where did industrialization begin?

a. China
b. Russia
c. Japan
d. Brazil

Answer 5

c. Japan

Question 6

How did colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century differ from colonization in
previous centuries?

a. Nineteenth-century colonialism was inspired primarily by religious not economic motives.
b. Nineteenth-century colonialism generated very little violence.
c. Nineteenth-century colonies were not usually intended to be settler colonies.
d. Nineteenth-century colonies were largely left to govern themselves with little interference.

Answer 6

c. Nineteenth-century colonies were not usually intended to be settler colonies.

Question 7

Which industrial innovation aided colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century?

a. Maxim gun
b. color photography
c. electricity
d. automobile

Answer 7

a. Maxim gun

Question 8

What was one of the main motives of nineteenth-century imperialism?

a. learning more about the cultures of non-European peoples
b. finding new lands for large numbers of Europeans to settle in
c. gaining access to raw materials
d. discovering new species of animal life

Answer 8

c. gaining access to raw materials

Question 9

What was a major reason Europeans did not make extensive inroads into the African interior
before the middle of the nineteenth century?

a. African societies’ superior weapons-making technology
b. inability to protect themselves from malaria
c. fear of large predatory animals
d. lack of desire to secure raw materials or trade with Africans

Answer 9

b. inability to protect themselves from malaria

Question 10

What caused the Fashoda Incident?

a. France and Britain each sought control of Sudan to connect their colonies by rail.
b. Germany tried to seize some of Britain’s African colonies.
c. Belgium and France both claimed the same territory in the Congo Basin.
d. Egyptians revolted when Britain and France tried to depose their ruler.

Answer 10

a. France and Britain each sought control of Sudan to connect their colonies by rail.

Question 11

With which country did Japan compete for control of Korea?

a. Germany
b. Britain
c. United States
d. Russia

Answer 11

d. Russia

Question 12

Which nation established colonies primarily in West Africa and Indochina?

a. Britain
b. Italy
c. France
d. United States

Answer 12

c. France

Question 13

What was the purpose of the 1884–1885 Berlin Conference?

a. to punish France for its brutality toward West Africans
b. to decide which European countries possessed different parts of Africa
c. to conclude a peace treaty between Italy and Ethiopia
d. to carve out the industrialized nations’ spheres of influence in China

Answer 13

b. to decide which European countries possessed different parts of Africa

Question 14

By the end of the nineteenth century, which country had adopted a primarily political response to
European colonization?

a. China
b. India
c. Philippines
d. Ethiopia

Answer 14

a. China

Question 15

What was the Force Publique?

a. an Indigenous army used to discipline Congolese laborers
b. the Egyptian army that fought to take control of Sudan
c. a health-care organization in France’s African and Asian colonies
d. a court for trying French citizens accused of abusing natives of French West Africa

Answer 15

a. an Indigenous army used to discipline Congolese laborers

Question 16

In what way did rinderpest harm the colonized people of Africa?

a. It killed the corn crop, causing millions to starve to death.
b. It doubled the rate of infant mortality.
c. It caused widespread blindness.
d. It sickened and killed African cattle herds.

Answer 16

d. It sickened and killed African cattle herds.

Question 17

What are possible reasons why China did not industrialize when many other wealthy and powerful
nations did?

Answer 17

China’s delayed industrialization was due to a combination of factors, including political instability from internal conflicts like the Taiping Rebellion, the weakening of the Qing Dynasty, and foreign domination through unequal treaties following the Opium Wars. Traditional Confucian values and resistance to Western ideas also played a role, along with limited exposure to industrial innovations. Additionally, China lacked the infrastructure, capital, and modern systems needed for industrial growth, while foreign powers exerted control, further hindering its development.

Question 18

What changes were made to Japan’s traditional social structure as a result of the Meiji Restoration?

Answer 18

The Meiji Restoration dismantled Japan’s feudal social structure, abolishing the samurai’s privileges and replacing the feudal domains with centrally governed prefectures. A new class system emerged, emphasizing merit and education, allowing for greater social mobility. The samurai class declined, with many joining the military or bureaucracy, while a growing middle class of merchants and industrialists gained influence. These changes were part of Japan’s modernization efforts to become a centralized, industrialized nation.

Question 19

What did “the civilizing mission” of industrialized nations entail?

Answer 19

“The civilizing mission” of industrialized nations referred to the belief that European powers had a duty to bring civilization, culture, and progress to non-European societies. This often involved the spread of European values, education, Christianity, and technological advancements, while justifying colonization and exploitation of other regions. It was used as a moral rationale for imperialism, asserting that colonial domination would improve the lives of indigenous people, despite the harm and oppression it caused.

Question 20

Why did the United States want to gain control of islands in the Pacific?

Answer 20

The United States wanted to control islands in the Pacific for strategic military bases, economic resources, and trade routes. These islands served as key refueling stations and provided valuable resources. Additionally, the U.S. sought to expand its influence through imperialism, believing in a “civilizing mission,” and wanted closer access to Asian markets, especially China, to boost its global power.

Question 21

Why did Germany have only a few colonies compared to France and Britain?

Answer 21

Germany had only a few colonies compared to France and Britain because it became a unified nation later, in 1871, while France and Britain had been expanding their empires for centuries. By the time Germany pursued imperialism, much of Africa and Asia was already claimed by other European powers. Additionally, Germany’s imperial ambitions were often focused on Europe and its military and industrial growth, leaving it with fewer opportunities for overseas colonization.

Question 22

How were Africans treated in the Congo Free State?

Answer 22

Africans in the Congo Free State were brutally exploited under King Leopold II of Belgium’s rule. The population was forced into harsh labor, primarily for rubber and ivory extraction. Workers faced violent punishment, including amputations, beatings, and killings, for failing to meet quotas. Entire villages were terrorized, and millions of Congolese died due to violence, disease, and famine. The exploitation was masked as a humanitarian mission, but in reality, it was a system of extreme abuse and forced labor that devastated the region.

Question 23

How did imperialism harm the health of colonized people?

Answer 23

Imperialism harmed the health of colonized people in several ways. The forced labor systems and harsh living conditions caused malnutrition, disease, and physical abuse. Colonizers often introduced new diseases, such as smallpox and influenza, to which indigenous populations had no immunity. In some cases, traditional medicine and health practices were disregarded, and healthcare systems were either inadequate or designed to serve the needs of the colonizers rather than the local population. Additionally, the disruption of local economies and social structures contributed to poverty, further deteriorating health conditions.

Question 24

What caused the Boxer Uprising in China?

Answer 24

The Boxer Uprising in China (1899–1901) was caused by widespread anti-foreign, anti-Christian sentiments among the Chinese population. Many Chinese people were frustrated by the increasing influence of foreign powers, particularly European countries and Japan, who had established spheres of influence, imposed unequal treaties, and controlled trade. Additionally, the growth of Christian missionary activity was seen as a threat to traditional Chinese culture and values. The “Boxers,” a secret society, led violent protests against foreigners, Chinese Christians, and anyone associated with foreign influence, hoping to expel foreign powers from China.

Question 25

What was the goal of scientific management?

a. to increase workers’ efficiency
b. to raise workers’ pay
c. to make factories safer
d. to shorten the workday

Answer 25

a. to increase workers’ efficiency

Question 26

How did assembly lines affect workers?

a. They made workdays shorter
b. They provided greater protection from injury.
c. They made jobs boring and repetitious
d. They lowered pay.

Answer 26

c. They made jobs boring and repetitious

Question 27

What was an important result of electrifying the workplace?

a. It made jobs more dangerous by exposing workers to electrical currents.
b. It enabled factories to stay open later and people to work at night.
c. It provided better heating in the winter.
d. It reduced the strength needed to perform certain tasks, creating more jobs for children.

Answer 27

b. It enabled factories to stay open later and people to work at night.

Question 28

How did married working-class women in western Europe commonly supplement the family’s
income in the late nineteenth century?

a. They did piecework at home.
c. They taught school
b. They worked in mines.
d. They gave music lessons

Answer 28

a. They did piecework at home.

Question 29

To what nineteenth-century event does the term “demographic transition” refer?

a. the disappearance of skilled crafts
b. the decrease in the age of first marriage
c. the decrease in family size
d. the movement from rural areas to cities

Answer 29

c. the decrease in family size

Question 30

What was an important medical innovation of the late nineteenth century?

a. the smallpox vaccine
b. x-rays
c. CAT scans
d. the stethoscope

Answer 30

b. x-rays

Question 31

Which artistic style features impersonal depictions of characters compelled to behave in ways over
which they have no control?

a. Romanticism
b. realism
c. impressionism
d. naturalism

Answer 31

d. naturalism

Question 32

What was the Great Stink?

a. a stench coming from the polluted River Thames that nearly disrupted British government
b. the name given to the poorest neighborhood in Chicago
c. a nickname that city dwellers gave to peasants recently arrived from the countryside
d. a nickname for the Paris sewer system

Answer 32

a. a stench coming from the polluted River Thames that nearly disrupted British government

Question 33

What common disease of the period was caused by contaminated water?

a. Tuberculosis
b. asthma
c. cholera
d. syphilis

Answer 33

c. cholera

Question 34

What innovation made nineteenth-century cities cleaner?

a. Streetlights
b. electric streetcars
c. outhouses
d. public water fountains

Answer 34

d. public water fountains

Question 35

What were Selfridge’s, Le Bon Marché, and Matsuzakaya?

a. famous saloons
b. urban department stores
c. company towns built for miners
d. newspapers

Answer 35

b. urban department stores

Question 36

Which artistic and literary movement glorified nature, common people, exotic places, and the historical past?

a. Romanticism
b. modernism
c. naturalism
d. classicism

Answer 36

a. Romanticism

Question 37

What was a common way in which contract laborers could fall into debt bondage?

a. renting a home in a nearby city
b. buying goods at a store owned by the employer
c. borrowing money from a friend
d. running away

Answer 37

b. buying goods at a store owned by the employer

Question 38

What was the katorga system?

a. a form of penal servitude in which criminals were sent to labor camps in Siberia
b. a form of debt bondage used in Brazil
c. a British system of contracting for passage to another country in exchange for labor
d. the practice in French brothels of charging prostitutes for food and clothing so they always
remained in debt

Answer 38

a. a form of penal servitude in which criminals were sent to labor camps in Siberia

Question 39

What as the primary reason contract laborers were taken to Hawaii?

a. build railroads
b. grow sugarcane
c. work in salt mines
d. fish

Answer 39

b. grow sugarcane

Question 40

Which country pressured others to end the slave trade?

a. Canada
b. the United States
c. Britain
d. Germany

Answer 40

c. Britain

Question 41

Other than criminals, what kinds of people often ended up in the Russian katorga?

a. Debtors
b. alcoholics
c. political prisoners
d. unfaithful partners

Answer 41

c. political prisoners

Question 42

What was a negative result of the abolition of Russian serfdom?

a. Domestic serfs received no land and no longer had a place to live.
b. Serfs were required to leave the farms on which they had always lived.
c. Serfs were no longer entitled to food and clothing from their employer.
d. Serfs were no longer protected from arrest by their employers when they committed crimes.

Answer 42

a. Domestic serfs received no land and no longer had a place to live.

Question 43

Why did Brazil attempt to attract European immigrants in the second half of the nineteenth
century?

a. to make its population more White
c. to employ them in mines
b. to employ them in factories
d. to have them establish schools and universities

Answer 43

a. to make its population more White

Question 44

Immigrant laborers from which country were completely excluded from the United States in 1882?

a. Russia
b. Germany
c. China
d. Japan

Answer 44

c. China

Question 45

What event caused many Chinese people to flee their country in the middle of the nineteenth century?

a. dust storms in Manchuria
b. the fall of the Ming dynasty
c. a typhoon that struck Kowloon Island
d. the Taiping Rebellion

Answer 45

d. the Taiping Rebellion

Question 46

What kinds of immigrants did Australia try to exclude in the early twentieth century?

a. Jewish people
b. non-Europeans
c. Irish people
d. unskilled laborers

Answer 46

b. non-Europeans

Question 47

Jewish people fled the Russian empire in the late nineteenth century to escape poverty and _____?

a. epidemic disease
b. anti-Semitic violence
c. civil war
d. famine

Answer 47

b. anti-Semitic violence

Question 48

Which city was rebuilt by Baron Haussmann in the second half of the nineteenth century?

a. Rome
b. London
c. Vienna
d. Paris

Answer 48

d. Paris

Question 49

Which social movement was more successful in Protestant societies than in others?

a. housing reform
b. anti-prostitution campaigns
c. temperance and prohibition
d. health insurance advocacy

Answer 49

c. temperance and prohibition

Question 50

What was Britain’s Alkali Act intended to do?

a. protect drinking water from contamination
b. ensure that processed foods were safe to eat
c. prevent cholera
d. alleviate air pollution

Answer 50

d. alleviate air pollution

Question 51

Which country was the first to provide health insurance for workers?

a. the United States
b. Germany
c. France
d. Russia

Answer 51

b. Germany

Question 52

Which of the following was an important difference between socialist parties in Europe?

a. Some parties accepted women and some did not.
b. Some believed the bourgeoisie should be executed and others did not.
c. Some advocated revolution and some a more gradual democratic approach.
d. Some supported workers’ rights and some did not

Answer 52

c. Some advocated revolution and some a more gradual democratic approach.

Question 53

In what ways did nineteenth-century industrialization lead to lower death rates and longer life spans?

Answer 53

Industrialization led to improved public health systems, such as better sanitation and access to clean water. Advances in medical knowledge, like vaccinations and antiseptics, also helped control diseases. Additionally, improved nutrition and food distribution, along with the development of public health policies, contributed to lower death rates and increased life expectancy.

Question 54

What made nineteenth-century industrial cities so dirty?

Answer 54

Industrial cities were often overcrowded with rapid urbanization, and waste management systems were insufficient. Factories emitted smoke and pollutants, and untreated sewage was commonly dumped into rivers and streets. The lack of proper sanitation facilities and infrastructure further contributed to the unhygienic conditions, making the cities dirty and unhealthy.

Question 55

What were the causes of disease in nineteenth-century industrial cities?

Answer 55

Poor sanitation, overcrowding, and a lack of clean water were major causes of disease. Contaminated water supplies and improper waste disposal led to outbreaks of diseases like cholera and typhoid. The spread of infections was further exacerbated by industrial workers living in cramped, unsanitary conditions, which created breeding grounds for bacteria.

Question 56

By what means did White people in the southern United States legally force African American people to work for them after the abolition of slavery?

Answer 56

After the abolition of slavery, Southern states passed Black Codes and later Jim Crow laws that restricted African Americans’ rights and forced them into labor. These laws included vagrancy laws that criminalized unemployment, allowing authorities to arrest Black people who were not working. These individuals were then leased out to plantation owners or businesses, effectively forcing them into labor under harsh conditions.

Question 57

Which two nations engaged in a naval arms race?

a. Great Britain and the United States
b. France and Germany
c. Germany and Great Britain
d. Germany and the United States

Answer 57

c. Germany and Great Britain

Question 58

Where did Germany succeed in establishing most of its colonies?

a. Africa and Latin America
b. Africa and the Pacific
c. Africa and Asia
d. Asia and Latin America

Answer 58

b. Africa and the Pacific

Question 59

On which commander did Germany rely for its naval-building program?

a. Otto von Bismarck
b. Count von Bulöw
c. Alfred von Tirpitz
d. Napoléon III

Answer 59

c. Alfred von Tirpitz

Question 60

Why did Germany have fewer colonies than France and Britain in the early twentieth century?

a. It had a moral hatred of colonies.
b. It had industrialized and unified later than the other countries.
c. It had a succession of monarchs, each lasting fewer than five years.
d. It had little business or industry in the early twentieth century and no need for colonies.

Answer 60

b. It had industrialized and unified later than the other countries.

Question 61

Germany was able to unify as an empire at the end of which event?

a. the Franco-Prussian War
b. the Russo-Japanese War
c. the Austro-Prussian War
d. the First Moroccan Crisis

Answer 61

a. the Franco-Prussian War

Question 62

The Triple Entente consisted of which three countries?

a. Germany, Italy, and Russia
b. Belgium, Britain, and France
c. Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy
d. Britain, France, and Russia

Answer 62

d. Britain, France, and Russia

Question 63

Upon what was the Schlieffen Plan predicated?

a. Germany’s need to fight a two-front war
b. German troops being in short supply for the first three months of the war
c. an invasion of Germany by France at the outset of the war
d. the speedy mobilization of Russian troops

Answer 63

a. Germany’s need to fight a two-front war

Question 64

What helped cause the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

a. financial trouble and increasing debt
b. warfare on its eastern front
c. nationalism spurring revolts and loss of territory
d. factional politics within the Empire that caused turmoil among its top ministers

Answer 64

c. nationalism spurring revolts and loss of territory

Question 65

What did Germany think would happen when it approached Belgium en route to France?

a. that it would have to violently invade Belgium
b. that Britain would immediately enter the war
c. that Russia would immediately enter the war
d. that Germany would be allowed to pass through Belgium easily

Answer 65

d. that Germany would be allowed to pass through Belgium easily

Question 66

Why did the United States initially stay neutral in the war?

a. The United States did not want to fight either France or Germany, its long-standing allies.
b. The United States had historically stayed out of European affairs.
c. The United States had agreed to follow Canada’s lead and stay out of the war.
d. The United States hoped the war would be quick and it could take over European colonies in the Caribbean when the war ended

Answer 66

b. The United States had historically stayed out of European affairs.

Question 67

Why did Germany sink the RMS Lusitania?

a. because it had a large number of British passengers
b. because it was transporting troops bound for Europe
c. because it carried ammunition bound for the British army
d. because it was heavily armed and sailing through the war zone to France

Answer 67

c. because it carried ammunition bound for the British army

Question 68

What new type of military technology was introduced in World War I by the British?

a. Big Bertha
b. machine gun
c. submarine
d. tank

Answer 68

d. tank

Question 69

Which battle was designed to annihilate as many French troops as possible?

a. the Battle of the Somme
b. the Battle of Verdun
c. the Battle of Vimy Ridge
d. the Battle of Tannenberg

Answer 69

b. the Battle of Verdun

Question 70

Troops from which two countries sustained heavy casualties at Gallipoli?

a. France and Germany
b. Germany and Italy
c. Australia and New Zealand
d. Austria-Hungary and Canada

Answer 70

c. Australia and New Zealand

Question 71

What group suffered genocide at the hands of the Ottoman Turks?

a. the Kurds
b. the Shiite Muslims
c. the Armenians
d. the Croatians

Answer 71

c. the Armenians

Question 72

Who was deported from the United States to Lithuania because of opposition to the draft?

a. Käthe Kollwitz
b. Wilfred Owen
c. Emma Goldman
d. Eugene V. Debs

Answer 72

d. Eugene V. Debs

Question 73

What was the “shell crisis” in Britain?

a. the public’s outrage over the closure of munitions factories
b. the political crisis over whether enough shells were being produced for the war effort
c. the problem of artillery shells that exploded during loading, causing the deaths of thousands of troops on the western front
d. the problems caused by Russia’s lack of military supplies for its armies

Answer 73

b. the political crisis over whether enough shells were being produced for the war effort

Question 74

What was extended to women in several countries in the wake of the war as a reward for their war work?

a. the right to attend college
b. the right to become homeowners
c. the right to vote
d. the right to serve in combat

Answer 74

c. the right to vote

Question 75

Who began the Easter Rising?

a. Irish Unionists
b. Irish Nationalists
c. British troops
d. Catholic clergy

Answer 75

b. Irish Nationalists

Question 76

How did the tsarist government react to the events of Bloody Sunday?

a. The tsar began holding regular meetings with the workers in St. Petersburg.
b. The tsar began an oppressive crackdown and imposed martial law on the city.
c. The tsar agreed to the creation of a legislature, the Duma, that included elected politicians.
d. The tsar declared war against Germany for the shootings of Russian people

Answer 76

b. The tsar began an oppressive crackdown and imposed martial law on the city.

Question 77

How did Lenin seize power in Russia?

a. the 1905 Revolution
b. the October Revolution
c. the assassination of the leader of the provisional government
d. a takeover of the Duma

Answer 77

b. the October Revolution

Question 78

What territory did Germany gain from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

a. Poland and the Baltic states
b. Turkey
c. Sweden
d. Austria and Hungary

Answer 78

a. Poland and the Baltic states

Question 79

What disease was spreading around the world at the end of the war?

a. Smallpox
b. influenza
c. food poisoning
d. bubonic plague

Answer 79

b. influenza

Question 80

What happened after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand?

Answer 80

After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in June 1914, tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia escalated. Austria-Hungary, with the support of Germany, issued an ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia’s partial acceptance of the demands was not enough to prevent war. This led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, triggering a chain reaction of alliances and causing major European powers, including Russia, Germany, France, and Britain, to join the conflict, ultimately sparking World War I.

Question 81

In what ways did U.S. trade favor the Allies in the early days of the war, despite its intended neutrality?

Answer 81

Despite the United States declaring neutrality at the onset of World War I, its trade policies favored the Allies. The U.S. continued to supply the Allied powers, especially Britain and France, with essential goods, including weapons, ammunition, and food. American banks also loaned large sums of money to the Allies, which further entrenched economic ties with them. These trade relationships helped the Allies sustain their war efforts and gave them a significant advantage in the conflict.

Question 82

What caused food shortages in Germany and Austria-Hungary during the war?

Answer 82

Food shortages in Germany and Austria-Hungary during World War I were caused by a combination of factors, including the British naval blockade that restricted access to vital imports. The war also disrupted farming and agricultural production due to the mobilization of labor and the destruction of fields and infrastructure. Rationing, coupled with the difficulty of transporting goods, led to severe food shortages, malnutrition, and social unrest within both nations during the war.

Question 83

What new powers did the U.S. government assume during World War I?

Answer 83

During World War I, the U.S. government assumed several new powers to support the war effort. The government took control of key industries, including railroads and food production, to ensure the efficient mobilization of resources. It also enacted the Espionage Act and the Sedition Act, which limited civil liberties by suppressing dissent and punishing anti-war activities. Additionally, the government established agencies like the War Industries Board to coordinate production and regulate prices, giving it significant control over the economy.

Question 84

What territory did Russia hand over to the Central Powers under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918? Why did Russia feel it was worth it to do this?

Answer 84

Under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918, Russia handed over significant territories to the Central Powers, including Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic States. Russia’s new Bolshevik government, led by Lenin, believed it was worth giving up these territories to exit the war and focus on consolidating power within Russia. The Russian leadership, facing internal instability and revolution, prioritized peace with the Central Powers to preserve the revolution and avoid further destruction.

Question 85

What group or group did the Palmer Raids in the United States target?
a. antiwar protestors
b. Russians and suspected radicals
c. the Ku Klux Klan
d. Republican politicians

Answer 85

b. Russians and suspected radicals

Question 86

Why did the U.S. Senate oppose the Treaty of Versailles?
a. It was too long a document.
b. The new borders drawn in Europe were believed to be unworkable.
c. The Senate did not want to join the League of Nations, which was established by the treaty.
d. The treaty was dangerous and could cause another war in Europe.

Answer 86

c. The Senate did not want to join the League of Nations, which was established by the treaty.

Question 87

What economic situation developed in Germany in the early 1920s?
a. deflation
b. depression
c. hyperinflation
d. rising gross domestic product (GDP)

Answer 87

c. hyperinflation

Question 88

What did the Kellogg-Briand Pact do?
a. It outlawed war as an instrument of foreign policy.
b. It established a French-American alliance for the next five decades.
c. It called for Germany to be blamed for World War I.
d. It set up loans to Latin American countries to cope with economic recessions.

Answer 88

a. It outlawed war as an instrument of foreign policy.

Question 89

What was a result of the New Economic Policy?
a. It brought the economy completely under government control for the first time.
b. It kept the government in control of the economy but introduced aspects of capitalism.
c. It was rejected by Lenin as too radical.
d. It was rejected by Stalin as too conservative.

Answer 89

b. It kept the government in control of the economy but introduced aspects of capitalism.

Question 90

What is collectivization?
a. the development of state-run farms for the entire agricultural sector
b. the grouping of children destined for certain career paths
c. the group of politicians in the national legislature who worked to oppose Stalin
d. the foreign policy centered on exporting revolution to other countries

Answer 90

a. the development of state-run farms for the entire agricultural sector

Question 91

What were kulaks?
a. Soviet bureaucrats
b. specially trained soldiers
c. medals awarded for special services to the Soviet Union
d. wealthier peasants

Answer 91

d. wealthier peasants

Question 92

What did cities experience during the 1930s in the Soviet Union?
a. little population growth
b. a decrease in population as people left to work on collective farms
c. new theaters that opened to present Western plays
d. housing and food shortages that occurred as the population increased

Answer 92

d. housing and food shortages that occurred as the population increased

Question 93

What did the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act do?
a. It decreased sales taxes on goods in the United States.
b. It set up a fluctuating tariff system depending on the source of foreign goods.
c. It raised tariffs on foreign goods in the United States and caused other countries to retaliate.
d. It set quotas on foreign goods in the United States.

Answer 93

c. It raised tariffs on foreign goods in the United States and caused other countries to retaliate.

Question 94

What happened to trade during the Great Depression?
a. Trade remained at its pre-Depression levels.
b. Trade increased through the United States and Europe but fell elsewhere.
c. Trade decreased across the globe.
d. Trade decreased only in Europe but stayed stable elsewhere.

Answer 94

c. Trade decreased across the globe.

Question 95

Why were people drawn to communism in the 1930s?
a. The Communist Party was the most successful organization getting people elected to office.
b. The Communist Party rebranded itself as a mainstream party in the 1930s.
c. The Communist Party offered an alternative to the capitalist systems being undermined by the Great Depression.
d. The Communist Party exploited people’s desire for entertainment by producing movies and holding rallies on a regular basis.

Answer 95

c. The Communist Party offered an alternative to the capitalist systems being undermined by the Great Depression.

Question 96

How did Hitler first gain the office of chancellor?
a. by leading a march on Berlin
b. by being invited to form a government by President Hindenburg
c. by seizing control of government during the Beer Hall Putsch
d. by solving Germany’s economic problems following the Great Depression

Answer 96

b. by being invited to form a government by President Hindenburg

Question 97

Spain’s General Francisco Franco gained power as a result of _____?
a. a cooperative treaty with the Soviet Union
b. a request by the Spanish king
c. an electoral victory
d. victory in the Spanish Civil War

Answer 97

d. victory in the Spanish Civil War

Question 98

What was the Salt March in India a protest against?
a. the importation of foreign salt
b. the industrial development of coastal areas
c. repressive laws regarding women under the age of thirty years
d. the high British taxes assessed on salt

Answer 98

d. the high British taxes assessed on salt

Question 99

What was one consequence of the Balfour Declaration?
a. Palestine was turned over to French control.
b. A Jewish homeland was formed in Palestine.
c. Turkey had to adopt Christianity as the state religion.
d. Iraq became an independent kingdom.

Answer 99

b. A Jewish homeland was formed in Palestine.

Question 100

What happened at Amritsar in 1919?
a. British troops stormed a holdout of German troops.
b. British Indian Army troops fired on Indian protestors.
c. Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi led a protest to the Indian National Congress.
d. Riots occurred over oil-drilling rights.

Answer 100

b. British Indian Army troops fired on Indian protestors.

Question 101

Which country controlled German New Guinea after World War I?
a. New Zealand
b. Australia
c. Japan
d. France

Answer 101

b. Australia

Question 102

Why did women receive the right to vote in so many places in the 1920s?
a. as a reward for their efforts and support in World War I
b. because of political agreements reached in the late 1800s
c. as a speedy response to women’s requests
d. because businesses believed the vote would make women more eager to work outside the home

Answer 102

a. as a reward for their efforts and support in World War I

Question 103

What was different about Mao Zedong’s view on Marxism and communism?
a. Mao believed communism had already arrived in many countries in the 1800s.
b. Mao believed it was not possible for China to become a communist country.
c. Mao viewed peasants as the workers and landlords as the capitalists.
d. Mao believed revolution in China could happen only if it came from outside.

Answer 103

c. Mao viewed peasants as the workers and landlords as the capitalists.

Question 104

Which South American country’s leader was influenced by Italian fascism in the 1930s?
a. Chile
b. Argentina
c. Peru
d. Colombia

Answer 104

b. Argentina

Question 105

Which of the following would a flapper do, unlike women of an earlier era?
a. drink in public
b. go to church every Sunday
c. marry early in life
d. work on a farm

Answer 105

a. drink in public

Question 106

What immediate effect did the Treaty of Versailles have on Germany?

Answer 106

The immediate effect of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany was the imposition of harsh penalties, including significant territorial losses, military restrictions, and heavy reparations payments. These provisions contributed to widespread resentment and economic hardship, setting the stage for political instability in Germany.

Question 107

What were the goals and effects of Stalin’s first Five-Year Plan?

Answer 107

Stalin’s first Five-Year Plan aimed to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union and increase production in sectors such as steel, coal, and machinery. The plan resulted in significant industrial growth but at the cost of harsh working conditions, forced labor, and widespread famine, especially due to the collectivization of agriculture.

Question 108

What were the causes of the Great Depression?

Answer 108

The causes of the Great Depression were multifaceted, including the stock market crash of 1929, bank failures, a decline in international trade, and poor agricultural conditions. The overproduction of goods, combined with speculative investments and inadequate financial regulation, further exacerbated the economic downturn.

Question 109

Which countries gained former German territories in Africa after World War I?

Answer 109

After World War I, several countries gained former German territories in Africa, including Britain and France. The League of Nations granted mandates over these regions, with Britain taking control of areas such as Tanganyika (now part of Tanzania), and France administering regions like Cameroon and Togo.

Question 110

To what extent did Britain allow for greater Indian self-rule in the 1930s?

Answer 110

In the 1930s, Britain allowed for limited Indian self-rule through the Government of India Act, which established a bicameral legislature and granted provincial autonomy. However, the British maintained significant control over key areas like defense and foreign policy, and many Indians still felt that the reforms were insufficient.

Question 111

How did the Great Kanto Earthquake affect Japan?

Answer 111

The Great Kanto Earthquake, which struck Japan in 1923, caused massive devastation, particularly in Tokyo and Yokohama. It led to the deaths of over 100,000 people, widespread destruction, and social unrest. The earthquake also spurred economic recovery efforts and changes in urban planning and infrastructure.

Question 112

In what ways did Turkey become Westernized?

Answer 112

Turkey became Westernized under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who implemented sweeping reforms to modernize the country. These reforms included the adoption of a new alphabet, secularization of education, changes in the legal system, and the promotion of Western-style clothing and cultural practices.

Question 113

How did the movies and radio create mass culture in the 1920s?

Answer 113

In the 1920s, movies and radio played a key role in creating mass culture by providing entertainment and information to wide audiences. They helped shape popular culture, spread new ideas, and connected people across geographical and social boundaries, contributing to the development of a shared national identity in many countries.