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World Civilization Since 1660 > 1-4 Study Guide > Flashcards

1-4 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is an example of a primary source?
a. a diary entry by a person who lived in the period under discussion
b. a modern biography of a person in the period under discussion
c. an account of a nineteenth-century battle in a twenty-first century textbook
d. an article in an academic journal

A

a

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2
Q

Whom do the Chinese view as the father of history?
a. Homer b. Santayana c. Herodotus d. Sima Qian

A

d

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3
Q

What interpretation of history assumes that history can be viewed primarily through the
lives and choices of leaders?
a. great man theory
b. progressive interpretation
c. gender interpretation
d. Marxist interpretation

A

a

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4
Q

The belief that history is moved primarily by class struggle is the ______ of history.
a. social interpretation theory
b. revisionist view
c. progressive interpretation
d. Marxist interpretation

A

d

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5
Q

What is the most immediate motivator of a historical event?
a. tertiary cause b. primary cause c. action of a great man d. social construct

A

b

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6
Q

Our perspectives are deeply rooted in _______, which we learn from our upbringing and
environment.
a. Education b. social constructs c. historical empathy d. causation

A

b

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7
Q

What does it mean to be a global citizen?

A

To be a global citizen, one must believe that they are more than a citizen of their country. They believe that they are a citizen of the world, meant to be a part of humanity.

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8
Q

What are the features of this textbook, and how will they enhance your learning
experience?

A

it adopts a traditional chronological approach, studying events in roughly the order in which they took place, each chapter features maps prominently, and feature boxes within each chapter.

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9
Q

Describe the process you would go through to establish the primary, secondary, and
tertiary causes of a historical event.

A

The primary cause is the most immediate. It is the spark. The secondary cause is once removed. The tertiary cause offers the broader context.

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10
Q

Define causation as it is used in the study of history.

A

Causation is the why behind events; understanding it is the way historians get at the heart of the matter.

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11
Q

Who founded the Mughal Empire?
a. Babur b. Humayun c. Akbar d. Shah Jahan

A

a

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12
Q

What was Din-i Ilahi?
a. a palace built by Jahangir
b. a law code written by Babur
c. a religion created by Akbar
d. a ceremony for Hindu brides who married Mughal rulers

A

c

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13
Q

Which group was not found in large numbers in Gujarat before the arrival of
Europeans?
a. Jewish people b. Parsis c. Muslims d. Roman Catholics

A

d

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14
Q

Aurangzeb executed the guru Tegh Bahadur. What religion was Bahadur a leader of?
a. Sikh b. Muslim c. Hindu d. Buddhist

A

a

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15
Q

Which port city was the base of the Portuguese State of India?
a. Surat b. Goa c. Diu d. Mumbai

A

b

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16
Q

In which region did the British compete intensely with the French?
a. the Sultanate of Gujarat b. Kerala c. the Deccan Plateau d. Bengal

A

d

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17
Q

Parameswara, the founder of the Malaccan Sultanate, was descended from the rulers of
the _____.
a. Chola Empire b. Majapahit Empire c. Srivijayan Empire d. Ayutthaya Empire

A

c

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18
Q

What was the Undang-Undang Laut Melaka?
a. an elite order of knights who served the sultan of Melaka
b. a Malaccan maritime law code that governed the conduct of sailors and traveling
merchants
c. a codification of Islamic law produced in the Malaccan Sultanate
d. a famous poem about a Malaccan folk hero

A

b

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19
Q

What was the result of Portugal’s effort to Christianize the subjects of the Sultanate of
Ternate?
a. The Muslims of Ternate began a holy war against the Portuguese and drew closer to the
Muslim world.
b. The Portuguese successfully converted the majority of the population, who drove out
their Muslim rulers.
c. The people of Ternate allied with the Muslims in Majapahit and Ayutthaya to drive out
the Portuguese.
d. The Spanish allied with the Portuguese to kill all the residents of Ternate who refused to
become Christian.

A

b

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20
Q

For what reason did China go to war with Japan in the sixteenth century?
a. Japan invaded China’s vassal state of Korea.
b. Japan refused to stop Japanese pirates from raiding the coast of China.
c. Japan invaded Taiwan, which was claimed by China.
d. Japan allied with the Portuguese in their plans to interfere with China’s trade with
Spain.

A

a

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21
Q

The Qing dynasty incorporated all the following areas into China except _____.
a. Xinjiang b. Taiwan c. Tibet d. Cambodia

A

d

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22
Q

What was the goal of the Silhak movement?
a. to improve trade with Japan
b. to convert Chinese to Christianity
c. to solve social problems by studying science and technology
d. to overthrow King Sejong

A

c

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23
Q

How did geography contribute to the wealth of the Sultanate of Gujarat?

A

location on the western coast of India (ports), minerals, transportation

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24
Q

How did the geographic location of the Malaccan Sultanate contribute to its prosperity?

A

located on the strait of malacca, connecting indian ocean and south chinese seas, allowed to control trade route. traders from asia had to stop here

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25
Q

What effect did the Portuguese attack on Malacca have on trade?

A

disrupted the organization of the asian trade network, added competition between other trade networks, reformed government by the portuguese attempted to monopolize spice trade, impose catholicism, and create single currency

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26
Q

What did the samurai Tokugawa Ieyasu do to protect Japan from the effects of what he
considered dangerous foreign ideas?

A

he isolated the country by expelling Christian missionaries and limiting japanese travel abroad

27
Q

During the reign of Hongwu, how did the Ming dynasty try to prevent foreign trade?

A

he issued the first sea ban called “haijin” which required that all foreign trade was to be conducted by official tribute missions

28
Q

Why was the camel important to trans-Saharan trade?
a. Its obstinate nature makes it hard for handlers to control.
b. It produces a fine wool that can be spun into luxurious textiles.
c. Its milk is used to produce cheese, an important source of protein.
d. Its biological advantages made regular long-distance trade in the Sahara possible

A

d

29
Q

How did the widespread adoption of Islam help facilitate trans-Saharan trade?
a. by giving Muslim merchants, traders, and caravanners a shared set of customs, laws,
traditions, and language
b. by making the caravan trade the exclusive vocation of Tuareg Berber nomads
c. by opening the markets of the pilgrimage route between Niani and Kilwa
d. by causing conflict between dissident Muslim groups, thereby opening competing
markets for new manufactured goods

A

a

30
Q

In addition to gold and salt, what two other types of goods were regularly exported
from Africa?
a. obsidian and cobalt b. hides and cotton c. textiles and enslaved people d. ivory and
sugar

A

c

31
Q

In the mid-fifteenth century, who purchased enslaved people from Mali on the
Senegambia coast?
a. French b. Portuguese c. British d. Dutch

A

b

32
Q

What were some of the key exports from Songhai?
a. kola nuts, salt, and gold
b. hides, jewels, and enslaved people
c. ceramics, cloth, and horses
d. enslaved people, pottery, and weapons

A

a

33
Q

What were Timbuktu and Djenné renowned as?
a. centers of religious pilgrimage
b. river port cities at the confluence of the Senegal and Gambia Rivers
c. types of calligraphy used by Islamic clerics
d. centers of Islamic learning and religious scholarship, as well as trans-Saharan trade

A

d

34
Q

What was the capital of the Songhai Empire?
a. Kano b. Djenné c. Gao d. Taghaza

A

c

35
Q

Why didn’t the trading ports of the Swahili coast extend along the full length of the
coast of Africa?
a. Hostile tribes in the south kept merchants from establishing cities.
b. Tropical diseases in the south made it too dangerous for people to live there.
c. The southern part of the coast had been colonized by the French.
d. The seas there were too rough for the dhows and the monsoon winds too weak

A

d

36
Q

What trade item was produced in the Swahili city-states?
a. Glassware b. gold c. pottery d. silverware

A

c

37
Q

What was the source of most of the enslaved people who were traded on the Swahili
coast?
a. the interior of the African continent
b. Eastern Europe
c. the Arabian Peninsula
d. the Swahili city-states

A

a

38
Q

Which Swahili city-state came to dominate the southern part of the coast, trading in
gold with Sofala?
a. Mogadishu b. Kilwa c. Mombasa d. Zanzibar

A

b

39
Q

The Kanem-Bornu Empire was able to maintain its control over the slave trade partly
through military innovations, including weapons imported from _____.
a. North Africa b. Portugal c. he Slave Coast c. the Songhai Empire

A

a

40
Q

By the eighteenth century, what was the main slave trading center on the West African
coast?
a. Timbuktu b. Bornu c. Whydah d. Gao

A

c

41
Q

Located in modern-day Ghana, ____ was a flourishing center of the ____ trade
beginning in the sixteenth century.
a. Benin, sugar b. Togo, salt c. Elmina, slave d. São Tomé, copper

A

c

42
Q

In what way(s) did Islam provide a sense of cultural unity and protection to caravans?

A

-established a shared legal and ethical ideal across regions
-promoted Arabic as common trade language
-fostered a sense of community among Muslim merchants

43
Q

In what ways did Islam shape the slave trade?

A

allowed the practice of slavery, yet moderated its harshness permitting the freeing of slaves that converted to Islam and treating slaves with kindness

44
Q

What position did the kingdom of Dahomey take regarding the slave trade with Europe,
and how and why did it change?

A

they actively participated in trade by becoming a major supplier of slaves, but had to slow down its involvement because of pressure from the British Navy

45
Q

To what extent did Africans benefit from the slave trade with Europe?

A

only African elites benefitted from the slave trade; most Africans were harmed, specifically by being taken by slaves

46
Q

How did members of the ulama engage in debates and collaboration across the Muslim
world?
a. trade contracts b.correspondence c. poll taxes d. caravansaries

A

b

47
Q

Which of the following was true of trade across the Islamic world?
a. Dhimmis were prohibited from participating in trade.
b. Trade helped expand the reach of Islam.
c. Markets lacked a uniform system of weights and measures.
d. Merchants operated outside the rules of sharia

A

b

48
Q

What did Muslim traders often rely on to avoid having to carry large amounts of gold
over great distances?
a. market inspectors b. caravansaries c. letters of credit d. sharia

A

c

49
Q

Why might governments in states along trading routes have sponsored caravansaries?
a. They needed them to issue letters of credit.
b. They required them to verify business contracts.
c. They used them to discourage dhimmis from trading.
d. They wanted to encourage trade across their lands.

A

d

50
Q

What technological innovation demonstrates the relationship between Islamic practice
and technological innovation?
a. the use of trigonometry to calculate the qibla
b. the use of artillery in the siege of Constantinople
c. the use of Portuguese observations to create a world map
d. the use of the arquebus for Mughal warfare

A

a

51
Q

What was the system of enslaving young men from villages in the Balkans and putting
them into state service known as?
a. Vaqf b. millet system c. devshirme d. Sultanate of Women

A

b

52
Q

What was an achievement of Sultan Suleiman’s reign?
a. the conquest of Constantinople and the destruction of the Byzantine Empire
b. the establishment of government-supported schools for children of all religions
c. the destruction of the Topkapi Palace
d. the creation of a unified legal code that applied to all parts of the empire

A

d

53
Q

What best describes scientific and technological study under the Ottomans?
a. Ottoman scientists considered scientific study a form of religious devotion and
conducted research in a variety of areas, especially medicine and astronomy.
b. Science was strictly controlled by religious authorities, who could suppress discoveries
that contradicted religious doctrine.
c. Scientific research was restricted to Muslims; bright students who were members of a
millet had to convert to Islam to participate.
d. Ottoman military technology got better over time, but weaponry became heavier and
required new methods of transportation.

A

a

54
Q

Which of the following accurately describes the Sultanate of Women?
a. Sultan Suleiman I decided to appoint a woman as his successor in order to confound and
confuse his rivals, the Habsburg and the Safavids.
b. Women, usually the wives or mothers of the reigning sultan, were now able to exert
considerable influence at court.
c. A matriarchal queendom was established in eastern Anatolia to exert military and social
pressure on the Caucasus and Safavid Iran.
d. Most of the businesses and major institutions in the Grand Bazaar were owned by
women, and they achieved political influence as a result.

A

b

55
Q

How did the Safavids emerge?
a. as the legitimate political heirs to Tamerlane
b. as a religious movement
c. by conquering Iran on behalf of the Ottomans
d. by conquering Iran on behalf of the Uzbeks

A

a

56
Q

What did Shah Ismail claim about himself?
a. that he was descended from Adam, Muhammad, and Ali
b. that he was the long-awaited twelfth imam
c. that he was divine
d. that he was heir to the Ottoman throne

A

a

57
Q

What tenet would a student in a Shia religious school be least likely to learn?
a. The “Four Rightly Guided” caliphs should be respected as the first imams.
b. Jesus will appear to herald the Day of Judgment, accompanied by the twelfth Shia
imam.
c. The leader of the ummah should be a descendant of Muhammad.
d. The Quran is the most sacred text of Islam.

A

a

58
Q

What best describes the way the Safavid shahs dealt with groups competing for political
power and influence at court?
a. They awarded positions based on hereditary descent from the previous job holder.
b. They gave control of the military to the Qizilbash and served only in an advisory
capacity.
c. They enslaved men from the Caucasus and employed them as soldiers to temper the
power of the Qizilbash.
d. They heavily preferred ethnic Persians in administrative positions.

A

c

59
Q

Why did Abbas relocate his capital to Isfahan?
a. It was close to trade outposts on the Mediterranean coast.
b. It was far from the war front with the Ottomans.
c. It was near the migratory paths of the game birds Abbas liked to hunt.
d. It was ideally situated between two major rivers.

A

b

60
Q

How did trade routes facilitate the spread of Islam into new areas?

A

by allowing Muslim merchants to travel extensively across various regions, interacting with local populations and naturally introducing Islamic beliefs and practices through their commercial activities

61
Q

How did scientific discoveries and the development of new technologies facilitate the
spread of Islamic empires and communities?

A

by enabling efficient trade, accurate navigation, improved communication, and a strong reputation for knowledge, which attracted converts and fostered cultural exchange across vast geographical regions.

62
Q

How was ethnic and religious diversity treated in the Ottoman Empire?

A

ethnic and religious diversity was managed through the “millet” system, which allowed non-Muslim communities (primarily Christian and Jewish) to practice their religion with a degree of autonomy under their own religious leaders

63
Q

How was the role of trade reflected in the way the Safavid Empire was run?

A

heavily relied on trade, particularly transit trade, as a key pillar of its economy, with its strategic location at the crossroads of major Asian trade routes allowing it to profit from the movement of goods through its territory,

World Civilization Since 1660 (3 decks)

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