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Image Production . > Chapters 8,9,10 > Flashcards

Chapters 8,9,10 Flashcards

1
Q

.All of the following statements are true except

A

Dead pixels at the edge of the detector are easily identified

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2
Q

The PSP cassette is backed by aluminum that

A

Absorbs backscatter x-rays

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3
Q

Which of the following can be done to. decrease the chance of having image LAG occur in the next image?

A

increase the amount of time between exposures

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4
Q

.Flat-panel detectors that use indirect conversion technology convert

A

X-rays to visible light

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5
Q

Clinical applications for CCDs include all of the following except

A

Computedtomographyfluoroscopy

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6
Q

When compared with a CMOS, CCDs

A

Use more than 100 times the power

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7
Q

Two or more objects sharing resources and information

A

Network

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8
Q

SMALL AREA NETWORK with a series of cables or wireless access points.

A

Local area network(LAN)

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9
Q

What are the advantages of using LAN ?

A

Computers can SHARE INFO and devices on the SAME network.

*Least expensive to install
*Much faster than the WAN

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10
Q

A wide area network spans a large area, city, state, nation, continent, or the world

A

Wide area network (WAN)

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11
Q

.What is the reason a WAN is used ?

A

A WAN is used to connect computers that are not physically attached; how the internet is set up.

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12
Q

WANS are connected through other means such as

A

Telephone
*Satellite Links
*Other Communications Cables

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13
Q

What are the 2 types, of networks ?

A

*Peer to peer
*Server or client based

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14
Q

Each computer on the network is considered EQUAL.
*Each computer controls its own information and operation and can function as client or server

A

Peer-to-Peer Network

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15
Q

What are the advantages of using a Peer-to-Peer network?

A

Least expensive
 *Simplest to set up

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16
Q

A centralized computer (server) controls the operations, files, and sometimes the programs of the computers (clients) attached to the network.

A

server based network

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17
Q

Is similar to a server-based network, it has a CENTRALIZED computer that controls the operations

A

Client- Based Network

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18
Q

What is the advantage of using Client-based network?

A

*Smaller exchange of information

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19
Q

Role the computers play in operation of the network and *Which computer controls the network operation

A

Network type

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20
Q

Computer that MANAGES RESCOURCES for other computers, servers, and networked devices house applications, provides storage for files
*Usually the most robust computer on the network

A

server

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21
Q

A device found on a network that REQUEST SERVICES and RESOURCES from a server.

A

thin client

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22
Q

Another computer, a printer, or any other networked device that NEEDS THAT SERVER to complete its tasks.

A

An example of a thin client is

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23
Q

Computer that can workINDEPENDENTLY from the network.
* Processes and manage its own files
*Is generally a high-end computer that does high-level processing for specific purposes.

A

thick client

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24
Q

Sectional imaging modality (CT) are

A

Thick client

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25
Q

The physical CONNECTION between the devices.

A

. Network Connectivity

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26
Q

four types of Network Connectivity?

(CTFE)

A

Coaxial cable *
Twisted-pair wire *
Fiberoptic cable *
Electromagnetic waves

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27
Q

Consists of a center conducting wire surrounded by insulation and a grounded shield of braided wire
*is the sturdiest wire used.

A

Coaxial Cable

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28
Q

Consists of four twisted pairs of copper wire

A

Twisted Pair Wire

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29
Q

.Most common connection medium for a LAN

A

Twisted Pair Wire

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30
Q

Uses glass threads to transmit data on the network

A

Fiberoptic Cable

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31
Q

disadvantages of using Fiberoptic Cable

A

*More expensive and fragile, than its metal counterparts. *Easily damaged by kinking and twisting

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32
Q

Wireless Connections does not need physical cabling. each device must contain the appropriate wireless transmitter and receiver. (T or F)

A

TRUE

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33
Q

What is the biggest advantage of Wireless connections?

A

Mobility and convenience, but connection has a limited range.

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34
Q

The simplest device for connecting SEVERAL PIECES OF EQUIPMENT .Is commonly used in small office and home applications

A

Network Hub i

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35
Q

Similar to a hub, but sends data only to those devices to which the data are directed

A

Network Switch i

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36
Q

Created so larger networks can be segmented toREDUCE TRAFFIC . Bridge: a physical (wired) connection from one network segment to another.

A

Network Bridge

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37
Q

A more sophisticated device. Usually found in large networks, multiple routers, switches, and hubs work In concert to perform the necessary tasks.

A

Network Router

38
Q

One type of addressing is

A

IP (Internet protocol).

Address is made up of four octets (groups of 8 bits) of numbers.

39
Q

.What is an agreed-upon set of rules that data use to move through a network

A

Network Protocol

40
Q

A packet is a piece of the data with ADDED information such as the following (dss)

A

*Destination address
*Source address
*Sequence of the packets (e.g., 2 of 12) *Errors in transmission

41
Q

The physical (geometric) layout of the connected devices on a network.

A

Network Topology

42
Q

Four common topological configurations are the following are: BRSM

A

*Bus *Ring *Star *Mesh

43
Q

Devices that are physically attached to and listen for communication on one single wire.

A

a Bus(Topology

44
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a Bus?

A

The wire is a single point of failure.

*If a break occurs, the entire network is down.

45
Q

Devices that are connected in a CIRCLE .Data transmissions move around the circle until they reach the correct receiver.

A

Ring

46
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a Ring?

A

A break in the ring HALTS the entire network.

47
Q

Devices that are connected to a central hub or switch. * Most COMMON Topology used.

A

Star

48
Q

A device that consists of MULTIPLE pathways of interconnecting devices and networks
*The Internet is based on this topology.

A

Mesh(Topology?

49
Q

Developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
*First version completed in 1985 (1.0)

A

Digital Imaging communications in Medicine (DICOM)

50
Q

HL-7 stands fo

A

Health level 7

51
Q

holds the patient’s FULL MEDICAL INFORMATION from hospital billing to the
inpatient ordering system.

A

His

52
Q

all RADIOLOGIC -SPECIFIC Patient data from the patient scheduling
information to the radiologist’s dictated and transcribed report.

A

Ris

53
Q

is a part of the HIS and contains all patient’s record.

A

EMR electronic medical records

54
Q

Medical Image Management and Processing Systems

A

MIMPS

55
Q

The physical hardware that electronically STORES and RETRIEVES medical images

A

Medical Image Storage Device

56
Q

Provides for electronic TRANSFER of medical images between devices

A

Medical Image Communications Device

57
Q

MIMPS covers most of the historic definition of a PACS EXCEPT

A

The display and storage of medical

images. and identifies image manipulation tools.

58
Q
  1. Image acquisition(The machines)
  2. Display workstations (The computers)
    3.Archive servers (Where images are stored.)
A

fundamental PACS component

59
Q

Any computer used to view a digital image

Most interactive part of a MIMPS

Used inside and outside of the radiology

A

Display workstations

60
Q

Database server or image manager *
Short- and long-term storage
 *Workflow manager

A

Archive Servers consist of

61
Q

How a process is done step by step or how a task is completed

A

Workflow

62
Q

Defined the hardware and software infrastructure of a computer system.

A

System Architecture

63
Q

Client or server based *
Distributed systems *
Web-based systems

A

three common architectures

64
Q

What is the disadvantages of using Client or Server Based systems?

A

*If the archive goes down. the entire system is down, and no image movement can take place.

65
Q

acquisition modalities that SENDS the images to a designated reading station and to review stations.

A

Distributed Systems

66
Q

What are the advantages of Distributed systems

A
  1. if the server goes down, Local reading wont be interrupted
  2. Data less likely to be lost
  3. Less dependent on network for speed.
67
Q

A place where records or documents are preserved

A

The archive

68
Q

The storage area for all patient and image data are often found where

A

magnetic tape or optical disk

69
Q

Represents a specific level of

A

Tier

70
Q

Online or available quickly 3-5 seconds

A

Short term tier is

71
Q

Near-line or images that must be RETRIEVED FROM SOME sort of TAPE or DISK storage device and brought to RAIDS

A

Long term teir

72
Q

Redundant Array of Independent Disks

A

RAID stand for

73
Q

A long term storage option Similar to a CD or DVD

Read optically with a laser.
Housed within a plastic cartridge

A

Magneto-optical disk (MOD)

74
Q

Using a threshold of pixel intensity values

A

Shaded Surface Display

75
Q

Primary reading stations are used by

A

Radiologists to make primary diagnosis

76
Q

. Review stations are referring to?

A

Physicians

77
Q

Hospitals typically burn CDs to provide copies of images because they are

A

*Less expensive
*Made quickly
*Come with easy-to-use software burned into them for viewing on any PC

78
Q

Where can Patient demographics may be corrected ?

A

The file room workstation

79
Q

Annotations are NOT to be used to label left or right to indicate the patient’s side. T or F

A

True

80
Q

Distance measurement is done by

A

A software that uses pixel size to measure structures on the image

81
Q

*One of the most commonly used 3D rendering techniques.
*Used to produce coronal images from the axial set
 *Reduces radiation to the patient and scan time

A

Multiplanar Reconstruction (MPR)

82
Q

Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) & Minimum Intensity Proiection (Minlp) is used

A

*To visualize vessels and air-filled structures

*Commonly CT and MRI studies

83
Q

VRT is a function similar to MIP
Allows user to assign colors based on the tissue intensity

A

Volume Rendering Technique

84
Q

Using a threshold of pixel intensity values

A

Shaded Surface Display

85
Q

What are the advantages of Distributed systems?

A

Local reading is not interrupted if the server goes down,

Data are less likely to be lost,

and Less dependent on network for speed.

86
Q

Web-based systems images and applications are held centrally and load to the client display.
Only the images are held at the archive

A

Unlike Client and Server systems

87
Q

What are the advantages of Web Based systems?

A

Allows for greater hardware flexibility

88
Q

The most interactive part of the medical image viewing system is

A

Display Workstation which consists of a monitor or a computer with a mouse

89
Q

The most popular display workstation monitor is

A

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

90
Q

*Require less maintenance
*Give out more light
*Can be used in high ambient light

A

LCD monitors

91
Q

Cross Sectional imaging is read on?

A

1K square monitor

92
Q

Most digital projection images are read on at-least?

A

2K portrait monitor

Image Production . (6 decks)

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