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Image Production . > Ch 12/15 > Flashcards

Ch 12/15 Flashcards

1
Q

Lead strips are angled to match the angle of photons in the primary beam as they diverge

A

Focused grid

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2
Q

Number of lead strips per inch or centimeter

A

Grid frequency

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3
Q

Expression of the ability of image intensifier tube to convert x ray energy into light energy and increase the brightness of image in process

A

Brightness gain

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4
Q

Primarily due to Compton interaction between x ray and photons and matter

A

Scatter radiation

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5
Q

Grid Bucky moves slightly from side to side during x ray exposure

A

Reciprocates

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6
Q

Constructed to allow a cassette to slide into place behind the grid

A

Grid cap

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7
Q

Flat panel detector fluoroscopy units operate at

A

50-1200 mA

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8
Q

Absorbs x rays and emits light

A

Input

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9
Q

Provide radiation exposure data and need to be recorded in the patient medical record

A

DAP/KAP and cumulative air kerma

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10
Q

Introduced in 1950

A

Image intensifier

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11
Q

Located inside the fluoroscopic tower

A

Image intensifier

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12
Q

Fluoroscopic image is viewed by looking at a

A

Television monitor

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13
Q

Absorption of transmitted photons by grid cause by a misalignment issue

A

Grid cutoff

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14
Q

Refers to a LARGE area of pixel being sensitive to x rays. This is important to flat panel fluoroscopy

A

Large fill factor

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15
Q

Ratio of number of light photons at the output phosphor as compared with the input phosphor

A

Flux gain

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16
Q

Absorbs light and produce electrons

A

Photocathode

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17
Q

Occurs when Sid is outside of the grid focal range

A

Off focus grid cutoff

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18
Q

Television Monitor can resolve approximately

A

1-2Lp/mm

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19
Q

When fluoroscopic image has noise or is noisy

A

The quantity of radiation (ma ) must be increase

because tissue has few photon being used to create the image

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20
Q

Base on creating GAP by increasing OID

A

Air gap technique

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21
Q

Distortion of the fluoroscopic image that appears as unequal magnification

A

Pinchusion appearance

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22
Q

Increasing collimation results in

A

Decreasing scatter production and high contrast

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23
Q

Plasma monitor contains thin layer of

A

Pixels and each pixel contains neon and xenon gas filled cells

24
Q

MAgnification of the fluoroscopic image occurs when

A

Electrostatic lenses have more voltage applied creating more negative charge

25
Q

Significant collimation reduces

A

Radiation and scatter

26
Q

Reason for having the grid move slightly during exposure is to

A

Blur out the grid lines

27
Q

Two forms of flat panel detectors may be for fluoroscopic applications

A
  1. Cesium iodide amorphous silicon indirect capture detector
  2. Amorphous selenium direct - capture detector
28
Q

The material between grid’s lead strips must be

A

Radiolucent

29
Q

The higher the grid ratio….

A

The BETTER the scatter clean up and HIGHER the contrast

Spatial resolution is not affected when using a grid

30
Q

Two major factors that affects the a,out of scarred radiation

A

Volume of tissue irradiated and Kvp

31
Q

Using magnification mode

A

Improves spatial resolution of fluoroscopic imaging

32
Q

Electronic vacuum tube that converts the remnant beam -> light -> electrons -> light

A

Image intensifier

33
Q

Electrostatic focusing lenses have…

A

Negative charge

34
Q

Major problem with fluoroscopy

A

Images are very dim and hard to see

35
Q

Has rectangular field of view and wider dynamic range

A

Flat panel detector

36
Q

Input Is made of

A

cesium iodide

37
Q

Refers to length of each PULSE

A

Pulse width

38
Q

Simply a design of the unit that rapidly turns the x ray beam on and off during operation

A

Pulse fluoroscopy

39
Q

Typical fluoroscopic system have spatial resolution capabilities in the ranges of

A

4-6lp/mm

40
Q

Caused by using a grid with frequency similar to the cr laser scanning frequency as well as using a grid cassette in the Bucky

A

Moire effect

41
Q

Least amount of of spatial resolution of all components of the fluoro system

A

Television monitor

42
Q

Converting light image to an electronic image greatly improve digital imaging

A

CCD

43
Q

Loss of brightness around the periphery of the fluoroscopic image

A

Vignetting

44
Q

Attached directly to the input phosphor

A

Photocathode

45
Q

Flat piece of lead with a hole in it

A

Aperture diaphragm

46
Q

Unrestricted beam is

A

Round

47
Q

Produces the greatest amount of scatter exiting the patient

A

Large field size and high kvp

48
Q

When electrons are EMITTED in response to the presence of light, occurs at the PHOTOcathode

A

Photoemission

49
Q

Range of Sid that will work with specific grids

A

Focal Range

50
Q

Absorbs electrons and emits light

A

Output phosphor

51
Q

Invented by Thomas Edison 1896

A

Commercial fluoroscope

52
Q

Maintain brightness and contrast during fluoro

A

Automatic brightness control ABC

53
Q

Located very close to the output phosphor

A

Anode

54
Q

To produce quality fluoro images with digital decos

A
  1. Respond quickly
  2. Maintain large fill factor
  3. ASIC in place to reduce noise
55
Q

Used to make adjustments in MAs when guide changes are made

A

Grid3 conversion factor

56
Q

When grid is added or change is made to a higher ratio grid

A

MAs increased to compensate for reduction in radiation reaching ir

57
Q

Fluoro allows imaging ion anatomy in motion

A

Dynamic imaging

Image Production . (6 decks)

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