chapters 8-11 Flashcards
Vitamins may be lost when food is processed. When these vitamins are added back to the processed food at the same or higher level, the food is said to be:
enriched
The ____________ is the site of most vitamin absorption into the body
small intestine
Which term describes how well a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body?
bioavailability
Which statement concerning vitamins is INCORRECT?
if vitamin is not provided by the diet, the body will synthesize it
a primary function of thiamin is to
//
riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to
light
common adverse effect of niacin toxicity is
flushing of the skin
Biotin is tightly bound by avidin, which prevents absorption of the vitamin. Avidin is commonly found in:
egg whites
Pantothenic acid is abundant in:
//
Which B vitamin decreases the risk of neural tube defects in developing babies?
folic acid
Fat soluble vitamins are transported from the intestine within
chylomicrons
Reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables, tends to decrease intake of all of the following fat-soluble vitamins EXCEPT vitamin _____.
D
Beta-carotene is LEAST plentiful in which food?
//
When consumption of __________is insufficient, vitamin A absorption is decreased.
fat
Excessive intake of vitamin A from supplements could cause all of the following EXCEPT:
acne
The primary function of vitamin D in the body is to:
regulate calcium & phosphorus levels
A vitamin D-deficiency syndrome characterized by bone deformities in children is called:
rickets
The primary function of vitamin E is:
act as antioxidant
Vitamin E deficiency in the U.S. is most likely to be a problem in
premature infants
Vitamin K is required to produce prothrombin, which is needed for:
blood clotting
Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water?
60%
Water found inside cells of the body is called:
intracellular fluid
Of the following, the tissue with the lowest water content is:
fat
Extracellular fluid does NOT include:
fluid within cells
The shrinking of a strawberry from water loss after being sprinkled with sugar is an example of:
osmosis
Most body water comes from:
fluids we drink
Which of the following individuals is at risk for dehydration?
all are potentially at risk
The loss of body fluid in ways not obvious or noticeable to us is called:
insensible losses
Kevin lost 3 pounds during his workout. He should consume a minimum of ________ liters of liquid to replace lost fluid.
1.5
Most of the salt consumed by Americans is:
added to food during processing and manufacturing
Which food group provides the largest variety of minerals?
meat and beans
Which statement about mineral supplements is FALSE?
they should always be avoided
The following minerals all compete with each other for absorption EXCEPT:
sodium
The most abundant mineral in the body is
calcium
Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium?
if dietary calcium low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium
Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption?
ascorbic acid
Significant loss of bone mass and increased risk of fractures associated with aging is termed:
osteoporosis
Which of the following is a good source of phosphorus?
all of these
Magnesium’s major functions in the body include all of the following EXCEPT:
blood clotting
In the body, sulfur plays an important part in the structure of:
some amino acids & vitamins
