chapters 8-11

Question 1

Vitamins may be lost when food is processed. When these vitamins are added back to the processed food at the same or higher level, the food is said to be:

Answer 1

enriched

Question 2

The ____________ is the site of most vitamin absorption into the body

Answer 2

small intestine

Question 3

Which term describes how well a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body?

Answer 3

bioavailability

Question 4

Which statement concerning vitamins is INCORRECT?

Answer 4

if vitamin is not provided by the diet, the body will synthesize it

Question 5

a primary function of thiamin is to

Answer 5

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Question 6

riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to

Answer 6

light

Question 7

common adverse effect of niacin toxicity is

Answer 7

flushing of the skin

Question 8

Biotin is tightly bound by avidin, which prevents absorption of the vitamin. Avidin is commonly found in:

Answer 8

egg whites

Question 9

Pantothenic acid is abundant in:

Answer 9

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Question 10

Which B vitamin decreases the risk of neural tube defects in developing babies?

Answer 10

folic acid

Question 11

Fat soluble vitamins are transported from the intestine within

Answer 11

chylomicrons

Question 12

Reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables, tends to decrease intake of all of the following fat-soluble vitamins EXCEPT vitamin _____.

Answer 12

D

Question 13

Beta-carotene is LEAST plentiful in which food?

Answer 13

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Question 14

When consumption of __________is insufficient, vitamin A absorption is decreased.

Answer 14

fat

Question 15

Excessive intake of vitamin A from supplements could cause all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 15

acne

Question 16

The primary function of vitamin D in the body is to:

Answer 16

regulate calcium & phosphorus levels

Question 17

A vitamin D-deficiency syndrome characterized by bone deformities in children is called:

Answer 17

rickets

Question 18

The primary function of vitamin E is:

Answer 18

act as antioxidant

Question 19

Vitamin E deficiency in the U.S. is most likely to be a problem in

Answer 19

premature infants

Question 20

Vitamin K is required to produce prothrombin, which is needed for:

Answer 20

blood clotting

Question 21

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water?

Answer 21

60%

Question 22

Water found inside cells of the body is called:

Answer 22

intracellular fluid

Question 23

Of the following, the tissue with the lowest water content is:

Answer 23

fat

Question 24

Extracellular fluid does NOT include:

Answer 24

fluid within cells

Question 25

The shrinking of a strawberry from water loss after being sprinkled with sugar is an example of:

Answer 25

osmosis

Question 26

Most body water comes from:

Answer 26

fluids we drink

Question 27

Which of the following individuals is at risk for dehydration?

Answer 27

all are potentially at risk

Question 28

The loss of body fluid in ways not obvious or noticeable to us is called:

Answer 28

insensible losses

Question 29

Kevin lost 3 pounds during his workout. He should consume a minimum of ________ liters of liquid to replace lost fluid.

Answer 29

1.5

Question 30

Most of the salt consumed by Americans is:

Answer 30

added to food during processing and manufacturing

Question 31

Which food group provides the largest variety of minerals?

Answer 31

meat and beans

Question 32

Which statement about mineral supplements is FALSE?

Answer 32

they should always be avoided

Question 33

The following minerals all compete with each other for absorption EXCEPT:

Answer 33

sodium

Question 34

The most abundant mineral in the body is

Answer 34

calcium

Question 35

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium?

Answer 35

if dietary calcium low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium

Question 36

Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption?

Answer 36

ascorbic acid

Question 37

Significant loss of bone mass and increased risk of fractures associated with aging is termed:

Answer 37

osteoporosis

Question 38

Which of the following is a good source of phosphorus?

Answer 38

all of these

Question 39

Magnesium’s major functions in the body include all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 39

blood clotting

Question 40

In the body, sulfur plays an important part in the structure of:

Answer 40

some amino acids & vitamins