chapters 4-7 Flashcards
Which of the following sequences represents a monosaccharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide?
fructose, sucrose, starch
Which of the following statements about Type 1 diabetes is correct?
the immune systems destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin
The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the:
pancreas
Lactose intolerance is caused by:
inadequate production of lactase
The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by:
pancreatic hormones
Which of the following foods are the best sources of complex carbohydrates?
cereals and grains
Dietary fiber can help reduce blood cholesterol levels by:
all of these choices are correct
An oligosaccharide is a:
carbohydrate containing 3-10 sugar units
Aspartame:
all of these choices are correct
Aerobic metabolism occurs in:
mitochondria of cell
Most fatty acids in food and in the body are bound to a molecule called:
glycerol
The end of a fatty acid chain containing a methyl group is also referred to as the __________ end.
omega
Fatty acids are categorized based on the carbon chain length as well as:
the types and locations of bonds between atoms
A fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms is called a(n) ________ fatty acid.
saturated
An omega-6 fatty acid is an example of a(n):
unsaturated fatty acid
A(n) ___________ fatty acid has a carbon-carbon double bond with the hydrogen atoms on the same side of the double bond.
cis
__________ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body.
essential
Dietary sources of cholesterol include all of the following EXCEPT:
peanut butter
If you were to analyze the composition of adipose tissue, you would likely find an abundance of:
triglycerides
Reverse cholesterol transport is accomplished by:
HDLs
Obtaining protein from plant foods may be advantageous because plant foods:
all these statements are correct
Protein complementation is a technique which:
combines proteins from different sources so that essential amino acids are met
Vegetarians have a lower risk of:
all these are correct
Individuals with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU) should limit their intake of foods containing:
aspartame
The basic building blocks of proteins are:
amino acids
Heating a protein causes:
denaturation
The AMDR for protein intake is _______% of energy intake.
10-35
Which structure(s) is/are involved in protein translation?
ribosome and tRNA
Which of the following functions is performed by proteins in the body?
all of these functions are performed
The primary source of protein for most of the world’s population is:
grains and veggies
Which statement about obesity is true?
BMI > 30
After eating a large dinner, we feel full and satisfied. The term to describe this feeling is:
satiety
The energy content of a food is determined:
bomb calorimetry
What is the total energy content of a serving of granola that contains 7 grams of fat, 40 grams of carbohydrate and 4 grams of protein?
239 kcals
Which of the following does NOT increase in an individual’s basal metabolic rate?
increasing age over 50
The energy expended to digest and store nutrients is called:
thermic effect of food
As foods are digested, the energy stored in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates, proteins and fats are converted to:
ATP
Basal metabolism in a typical person accounts for approximately what percentage of total energy expenditure?
60-75
To provide glucose to the body between meals:
glycogen is broken down
Which nutrient(s), when consumed in excess of energy needs, is/are preferentially used to produce body adipose tissue?
fats
Lipoproteins that transport lipids from the mucosal cells of the small intestine and deliver triglycerides to other body cells are called:
chlyomicrons
where does lipid digestion begin?
stomach
what % of cancers are directly linked with dietary and life style changes?
30-40
which of following fat promote breast cancer
artificial trans fat, linoleic fat, & excess dietary fat
what is upper limit of fat in grams that should be consumed by healthy person requiring 2500 kcal/ day
97
tropical oils come from plants grown in tropical regions and are unsaturated
false
essential fatty acids are produced in the body in sufficient amounts; so not needed in diet
false
what name is given to droplets in small intestine formed by bile and fat digestion
micelle
A lipid which forms a chain of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; and that contains a methyl chemical group on one end and a carboxyl chemical group on the other end, is a:
fatty acid
a vegan does not have to worry about cholesterol because
his/her liver will make cholesterol
