chapters 8-11 Flashcards
define ability
the qualities a person is born with
define skill
a learned and practised ability that brings about the result that you want to achieve with maximum certainty and efficiency
factors affecting skill
age and maturity, culture, motivation, anxiety, arousal conditions, facilities, environment, teaching and coaching
characteristics of a skilled performer
Fluent, aesthetically pleasing, consistent, accurate, goal-directed, coordinated
different types of skills
Basic and complex, fine and gross, open and closed.
define basic skills
simple skills such as throwing, catching, running
define complex skills
more difficult skills that require a high level of coordination and concentration
define closed skills
skills that are not affected by the environment or the performer within it
define open skills
skills that are affected by the environment, the performer has to react and adjust to the situation and this will constantly change.
define fine skills
precise movements that require high levels of accuracy and technique, They are often small movements that require small groups of muscles such as in the fingers.
define gross skills
movements that use large muscle groups to produce big, powerful movements; gross skills are usually performed by the arms and legs.
information processing model
Input ➡decision making ➡output ➡feedback
cognitive stage of performance
beginner stage, make a large number of mistakes due to the learning of a new skill or technique.
Associative stage of performance
The performer begins to understand the requirements of the skills and becomes more consistent.
Autonomous stage of performance
The athlete does not have to think about the skill he or she is performing, allowing their mind to focus on other events or processes around them.
define feedback
the information that a performer receives about their performance
extrinsic feedback
information that comes from an external source, like a teacher or coach
intrinsic feedback
information that comes from within, to do with emotions, thoughts and muscles
Knowledge of results
knowing your score, time, distance or place in the race. This will allow you to measure or judge how well you have done
knowledge of performance
analysing your quality of movement or use of techniques. kinaesthetic sense.
goal setting
a desired aim or outcome, Something that you are trying to achieve
SMARTER goals
Specific Measurable Agreed Realistic Time-phased Exciting Recorded
intrinsic motivation
the motivation that comes from simply doing the activity itself.
extrinsic motivation
motivating forces that come from outside the person and the activity, such as prizes, trophies, praise from others or fame
examples of intrinsic motivation
desire to do the sport for its own sake
the feeling of satisfaction from doing the sport
social rewards from playing in the team.
examples of extrinsic motivation
praise from crowd, family
rewards like money, trophies, medals
attention, publicity, fame.
sponsorship or better contract.
define arousal
an increased level of mental excitement and alertness. The state of being excited, keen and mentally and p[physically prepared to perform a task.
low arousal levels
not excited or focused enough to perform at the required level
fine motor skills (darts, archery) require low levels to perform well
optimal arousal levels
known as being in the zone, A state that allows you to perform well.
High arousal levels
feel anxious, nervous or stressed.
could be ‘psyched out’ by the opposition
May make mistakes and not give you best performance
define anxiety
a performer’s negative reaction to stress, causing them to feel worried, nervous or apprehensive.
Cognitive anxiety
mental symptoms that the performer feels. Such as fear, worry or doubt. Can occur if the performer is in a state of under or over-arousal.
Somatic anxiety
The physical signs of anxiety that can be termed as “butterflies in the stomach”
examples
insomnia, headache, breathlessness, feelings of panic
techniques to control arousal and anxiety
Mental rehearsal, visualisation and deep breathing.
mental rehearsal
running through a skill, sequence or even in your mind, in detail, using all senses.
Visualisation
‘seeing’ the best possible outcome for the skills/technique you are about to perform.
deep breathing
a learned way of breathing in a deep, calm and focused way to promote relaxation as well as physical well being.
how relaxation techniques control arousal
increased concentration, controlled breathing, reduced heart rate.
introvert
a quiet, shy, reserved personality type. Associated with individual sports
extrovert
sociable, lively, optimistic, outgoing personality type, More associated with team sports.
define leisure time
the time when one is not working or occupied; free time.
define physical recreation
Physical recreation is any sport, dance, or fitness activity
factors that influence what recreation activity people do during leisure time
age interests social circumstances family influences peer influences where you live (geography, culture, tradition)
factors that influence growth in leisure activities.
increase in leisure time advances in technology improvements in healthcare better health awareness more facilities available reduced costs in equipment
levels of sport development
Elite - Olympics, championship and international comp competitor
Performance - local and regional coaching/training.
Participation- Sports clubs and leisure centres
Foundation - PE and recreational sports
define sponsorship
the support is given to a sport, sports event or organisation by an outside body or person for the mutual benefits of both parties
types of sponsorship
financial support
clothing/footwear/equipment
provision of specialist facilities
types of media coverage
television
internet and social media
print
radio
advantages of being a host nation
stadia and training facilities home advantage increase in national pride improved tourism increased employment legacy implications infrastructure
sportsmanship
upholding the spirit of the game by being honest, playing by the rules and showing respect for opponents
gamesmanship
seeking an advantage in any way you can that is not against the rules. At times this may be unfair to your opponents and treads a fine line between cheating and playing by rules.
uses of technology in sport
decision making by officials
recording time and distances
enhancing performance
why performers use performance-enhancing drugs
to enhance performance
to keep up with the competition
fame and increases wealth
types of PEDS (BADS)
Beta-blockers
Anabolic steroids
diuretics
stimulants
How PEDS affect performance
Beta-blockers - reduce anxiety, calms and relaxes the body
Anabolic steroids - increased muscle mass, let athletes train for harder and longer. speed up recovery time
diuretics - weight loss, increases the amount of water passed out of body
stimulants - increased alertness, affects the nervous system.
Risks of PEDS
Beta-blockers - reduce blood pressure, cause tiredness, heart failure, depression
Anabolic steroids - aggressive behaviour, heart disease, high blood pressure, liver problems, effect on hormones
diuretics - dehydration, weakening of muscles, kidney problems, nausea
Stimulants - Addictive, high blood pressure, strokes, increased risk of injury
negative consequences of drug scandals
health implications financial penalty public humiliation disqualification or being banned effects of other competitors
define real risk
amount of danger that actually exists in the activity
define perceived risk
an individual’s subjective or personal judgment about the dangers of an activity
strategies to reduce risk and severity of the injury
protective clothing or equipment appropriate clothing or footwear lifting and carrying equipment safely maintaining hydration use of warm-up and cool down following rules a suitable level of competition
winding
a blow to the abdomen by a ball or hitting action, Causing the diaphragm to go into spasm. Causing difficulty breathing.
treatment to winding
loosen the clothing. sit in a crouched position, as this helps the muscles to relax. Try to stay calm and take deep breaths.
Bruises
appears when capillaries break or burst underneath. Blood leaks into the soft tissue causing discolouration. Happens with impact with a hard object
Treatment for bruising
Cold compression, like wrapping an ice pack in a towel.
Cuts
skin is broken, causing damage to blood vessels beneath. Happens with contact with a sharp object
treatment for cuts
stop any bleeding by applying pressure to the area by using a clean, dry absorbent material such as a bandage, towel or handkerchief.
Grazes
where the skin is rubbed off, causing damage to blood vessels. Happens when scraping against rough surface
Treatment for grazes
Clean wound and cover it with a dressing.
RICE
rest - ice - compression - elevation
