Chapters 7-9 Flashcards
What term applies to all living things and those things that were one alive?
A) inorganic
B) matter
C) organic
D) element
C) organic
Gasoline, synthetic fabrics, plastics, and pesticides are all considered organic because they are manufactured from _________________.
A) natural gas and oil
B) subatomic particles
C) sodium chloride
D) ammonium thioglycolate acid
A) natural gas and oil
Metals, minerals; water, air; and ammonia are all examples of __________________ substances.
A) live
B) inorganic
C) natural
D) organic
B) inorganic
Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain the element _________________.
A) oxygen
B) hydrogen
C) sulfur
D) carbon
D) carbon
Which of the following is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (weight)?
A) atoms
B) molecules
C) matter
D) elements
C) matter
There are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?
A) 116
B) 98
C) 50
D) 76
B) 98
Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter?
A) electrons
B) protons
C) molecules
D) atoms
D) atoms
______________ is the most common element found in the known universe.
A) hydrogen
B) oxygen
C) carbon dioxide
D) sodium
A) hydrogen
An example of an elemental molecule is ___________.
A) hydrogen peroxide
B) common table salt
C) water
D) oxygen in air
D) oxygen in air
As the basic unit of matter, ____________ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
A) molecules
B) oxygen
C) atoms
D) water
C) atoms
Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?
A) chemical
B) physical
C) mechanical
D) electrical
A) chemical
What chemical compound can exist in all three states of matter depending on its temperature?
A) carbon dioxide
B) hydrogen
C) water
D) oxygen
C) water
An example of physical change is _________________.
A) rusting iron
B) ice melting to water
C) burning wood
D) oxidation
B) ice melting to water
In hair lightening processes, what substance oxidizes the melanin pigments in hair, leaving the hair a lighter color?
A) sodium chloride
B) water
C) ammonium thiogylcolate acid
D) hydrogen peroxide
D) hydrogen peroxide
An example of a chemical change is ___________________.
A) water changing to ice
B) ice melting into water
C) the oxidation of hair color products
D) temporary hair color
C) the oxidation of hair color products
____________ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.
A) application
B) reduction
C) reaction
D) oxidation
B) reduction
When using a permanent wave neutralizer, ______________.
A) H2O2 loses oxygen
B) the waving solution is oxidized
C) hair color gains oxygen from H202
D) hair is oxidized by removing hydrogen
D) hair is oxidized by removing hydrogen
When oxygen is combined with a substance, the substance is ________________.
A) oxidized
B) reduced
C) United
D) blended
A) oxidized
Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) ______________ reaction.
A) rapid oxidation
B) endothermic
C) redox
D) exothermic
C) redox
What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur?
A) endothermic
B) acid-alkali neutralization
C) exothermic
D) redox
A) endothermic
Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?
A) concrete
B) aluminum foil
C) powder
D) salt water solution
B) aluminum foil
_____________, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.
A) oxides
B) salts
C) acids
D) bases
D) bases
What color do acids turn blue litmus paper?
A) a dark blue
B) red
C) green
D) yellow
B) red
A __________ is a stable, uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.
A) suspension
B) solvent
C) solution
D) solute
C) solution
Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?
A) surfactant
B) suspension
C) emulsion
D) solution
A) surfactant
An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is _____________.
A) calamine lotion
B) mayonnaise
C) witch hazel
D) cold cream
D) cold cream
____________ are examples of emulsions used in barbering services.
A) powders
B) shampoos and conditioners
C) hair tonics
D) soaps
B) shampoos and conditioners
A(n) _________________ is a suspension of one liquid dispersed in another.
A) emulsion
B) surfactant
C) solution
D) solvent
A) emulsion
A(n) _____________ charged ion is called an anion.
A) positively
B) ionized
C) negatively
D) naturally
C) negatively
The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline _______________ solutions.
A) unstable
B) hydrogen peroxide
C) liquid
D) water based
D) water based
What does a pH below 7 indicate?
A) a logarithmic solution
B) an alkaline solution
C) an acidic solution
D) a neutral solution
C) an acidic solution
The letters pH denote _____________, which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
A) potential hydrogen
B) potential hydroxide
C) partial hydrogen
D) partially hydrophilic
A) pOTENTIAL Hydrogen
Non-aqueous solutions, such as alcohol or oil, do not have _______________.
A) mass
B) pH
C) their own distinct physical and chemical properties
D) volume or shape
B) pH
What is the average pH for hair and skin?
A) 3.5
B) 9
C) 7.5
D) 5
D) 5
Acidic solutions tend to ____________ the hair.
A) swell
B) harden
C) soften
D) relax
B) harden
Acid based shampoos and normalizing lotions associated with hydroxide hair relaxers work to create what type of reaction?
A) endothermic
B) exothermic
C) acid-alkali neutralization
D) redox
C) acid-alkali neutralization
What common cationic ingredient is used in dandruff shampoos?
A) cocamide
B) amphoteric I-20
C) quaternary ammonium compounds
D) sodium Laureth sulfate
C) quaternary ammonium compounds
What types of shampoos are mild formulations designed to prevent the stripping of hair color from the hair?
A) pH balanced
B) clarifying
C) balancing
D) color-enhancing
A) pH balanced
________________ shampoos are formulated to make the hair smooth and shiny and to avoid damaging chemically treated hair.
A) balancing
B) conditioning
C) Medicated
D) clarifying
B) conditioning
An example of an instant conditioner is a ____________.
A) blow drying spray
B) permanent wave product
C) detangling rinse
D) dandruff rinse
C) detangling rinse
Which of the following are chemical compounds that attract and retain moisture from the atmosphere?
A) silicones
B) fatty alcohols
C) mineral oils
D) humectants
D) humectants
What products are used to stimulate the surface circulation of the scalp, remove loose dandruff, or to impart manageability, shine and control to the hair?
A) thermal protectors
B) hair tonics
C) medicated conditioners
D) instant conditioners
B) hair tonics
Concentrated protein conditioners are used to _______________.
A) increase the tensile strength of hair
B) help control minor dandruff and scalp conditions
C) help equalize the porosity of the hair shaft
D) help close the cuticle scales
A) increase the tensile strength of hair
Which of the following remove hair by pulling it out of the follicle?
A) packs
B) masks
C) epilators
D) depilatories
C) epilators
Styling aids typically consist of polymer and resin formulations that are designed to give the hair body and texture. An example is ______________.
A) mouses
B) scalp lotions
C) pomades
D) cleansing creams
A) mousses
Among the possible ingredients in wrinkle treatment creams are hormones and ________________.
A) hydrolyzed protein
B) glycerin
C) starch
D) collagen
D) collagen
Astringents May have an alcohol content of up to what percentage?
A) 50 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 35 percent
D) 20’percent
C) 35 percent
Moisturizing creams are designed to treat _____________.
A) oil accumulation
B) dryness
C) dandruff
D) wrinkles
B) dryness
Improperly repaired tools and appliances can result in _______________.
A) electrical pressure
B) blown circuit breakers
C) twisted metal threads
D) alternating current
B) blown circuit breakers
A(n) __________________ is the flow of electricity along a conductor.
A) rheostat
B) insulator
C) electric current
D) electric circuit
C) electric current
Electricity is a form of energy created by the flow of electrons between _______________.
A) atoms
B) acids
C) salts
D) metals
A) atoms
Electricity is not matter because it does not _____________.
A) control the current
B) produce a chemical reaction
C) move through or across matter and space
D) occupy space of have mass
D) occupy space it have mass
Which of the following can move through or across matter and space?
A) ultraviolet light
B) electricity
C) light emitting diodes
D) electromagnetic radiation
B) electricity
A(n) ______________ is an adjustable resistor that is used for controlling the current in a circuit.
A) rectifier
B) insulator
C) rheostat
D) battery-operated instrument
C) rheostat
Which of the following is considered a good conductor?
A) rubber
B) cement
C) silk
D) watery solutions of acids and salts
D) watery solutions of acids and salts
What does the volt measure?
A) electrical pressure
B) strength or rate of an electric current
C) electrical resistance
D) how much electric energy is being used in 1 second
A) electrical pressure
The electricity in a house is measured in ____________.
A) amperes
B) kilowatt-hours
C) milliamperes
D) ohms
B) kilowatt-hours
What safety device prevents the overheating of electrical wires by preventing excessive current from passing through a circuit?
A) three prong plug
B) ground fault interrupter
C) fuse
D) circuit breaker
C) fuse
In modern electric circuits, which of the following has replaced fuses and can be reset l?
A) circuit breakers
B) adjustable resistors
C) rectifiers
D) ground fault interrupters (GFIs)
A) circuit breakers
All electrical appliances must have at least two electrical connections. One connection is ___________ and the other is ______________.
A) hot/cold
B) neutral/cold
C) live/hot
D) neutral/live
D) neutral/live
How should you disconnect an appliance?
A) by pulling on the cord
B) by setting on the cord
C) by pulling on a plug
D) by twisting a plug
C) by pulling on the plug
Which of the following should you not touch while using an electrical appliance?
A) rubber
B) plastic
C) glass
D) metal
D) metal
_____________ indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current.
A) activity
B) polarity
C) elasticity
D) modality
B) polarity
What type of current is a DC, using a negative and positive pole, that is reduced to a safe, low-voltage level?
A) high frequency
B) micro-current also add
C) Tesla
D) galvanic
D) galvanic
What process introduces water-soluble products into the skin?
A) iontophoresis
B) deincrustation
C) cataphoresis
D) anaphoresis
A) iontophoresis
During what process is galvanic current used to create a chemical reaction that acts to emulsify the sebum and waste in the pores?
A) cataphoresis
B) anaphoresis
C) desincruatacion
D) iontophoresis
C) deincrustation
What effect can micro-currents Produce?
A) decrease muscle tone
B) produce a softer appearance to aging skin
C) decrease metabolism
D) restore elasticity
D) restore elasticity
What current is commonly called the violet ray and is used for both scalp and facial treatments?
A) electrotherapy
B) galvanic
C) Tesla high-frequency
D) mucrocurrent
C) Tesla high-frequency
Gamma rays are used ______________.
A) for nuclear power plants
B) by physicians and dentists
C) for light therapy services
D) in microwave ovens
A) nuclear power plants
Which light rays are used in ultraviolet germicidal irradiation to inactivate or destroy microorganisms?
A) visible light
B) uvb rays
C) uvc rays
D) infrared light
C) UVC rays
In the field of barbering we are concerned with the invisible rays found at the two ends of the visible spectrum of light: infrared rays, which produce heat, and ultraviolet rays, which produce ________________.
A) chemical and germicidal reactions
B) mechanical actions
C) electric current
D) magnetic reactions
A) chemical and germicidal reactions
Within the visible spectrum of light, ___________ has the shortest wavelength and ______________ has the longest.
A) yellow,red
B) violet,red
C) yellow, green
D) violet, indigo
B) violet, red
What light is also known as cold light or actinic light?
A) electromagnetic
B) visible
C) infrared
D) ultraviolet
D) ultraviolet
What medical device is used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve collagen content in the skin?
A) selective photothermolysis
B) therapeutic lamp
C) light-emitting diode
D) laser
C) light emitting diodes
When using LEDs what color light reduces acne and bacteria?
A) blue
B) red
C) yellow
D) green
A) blue
When using therapeutic bulbs what light can be used to treat acne, tinea, seborrhea, and dandruff conditions?
A) White
B) ultraviolet
C) blue
D) red
B) ultraviolet
What medical device is designed to deliver an intense light beam to a specific depth and to a specific target area without damaging the surrounding tissues?
A) light-emitting diodes
B) microwave
C) therapeutic lamps
D) laser
D) laser
The client’s _____________ should always be protected during light-therapy treatments.
A) ears
B) hair
C) eyes
D) skin
C) eyes
On what part of the body is the skin the thinnest?
A) shoulders
B) eyelids
C) scalp
D) hands
B) eyelids
Which of the following is the outer layer of the epidermis?
A)stratum granulosum
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum corneum
D) stratum lucidum
C) stratum corneum
The epidermis contains no _____________, but has many small nerve endings.
A) melanin
B) keratin
C) fibrous protein
D) blood vessels
D) blood vessels
What epidermis layer is responsible for the growth of the epidermis?
A) stratum germinativum
B) stratum corneum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum spinosum
A) stratum germinativum
Subcutaneous tissue, also known as ______________ tissue, is a layer of fatty tissue found below the dermis.
A) elastic
B) fibrous
C) adipose
D) connective
C) adipose
What substance lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair?
A) collagen
B) melanin
C) elastin
D) sebum
D) sebum
Which nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain to control muscle movements?
A) secretory
B) sensory
C) motor
D) receptor
C) motor
What layer of the dermis contains the lymph glands?
A) reticular
B) nasal cells
C) granular
D) papillary
A) reticular
____________ supply nourishment to the skin in the form of protein, carbohydrates, and fat.
A) sebum and lymph
B) blood and lymph
C) water and oxygen
D) blood and water
B) blood and lymph
What can occur to the skin when collagen fibers become weakened?
A) wrinkles and sagging of the skin
B) skin tags
C) fatty tissue
D) goose bumps
A) wrinkles and sagging of the skin
The color of the skin, whether fairy or dark, depends on genetics and ________________.
A) sebum
B) keratin
C) melanin
D) collagen
C) melanin
One of the most prominent characteristics of aged skin is its _________________.
A) formation of blackheads
B) oiliness
C) loss of color
D) loss of elasticity
D) loss of elasticity
What body system controls the activity of sweat glands, which regulate body temperature and help to eliminate waste products from the body?
A) circulatory
B) nervous
C) endocrine
D) lymphatic/immune
B) nervous
The outermost layer of the epidermis is covered with a thin layer of sebum, which makes skin _______________.
A) waterproof
B) taut
C) absorbent
D) sensitive
A) waterproof
What is sebum secretion affected by?
A) injury
B) pathogens
C) heat
D) hormones
D) hormones
How much do humans perspire daily?
A) 1 gallon
B) 1 to 2 cups
C) 1 to 2 pints
D) 1 to 2 quarts
C) 1 to 2 pints
________________ is a function of the skin that protects the body from the environment.
A) secretion
B) heat regulation
C) absorption
D) excretion
B) heat regulation
The skin protects the body from injury and __________________.
A) pain
B) pressure
C) pathogens
D) emotional stress
C) pathogens
A _______________ is a small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis.
A) tumor
B) nodule
C) macule
D) vesicle
D) vesicle
An example of a bulla is ______________.
A) impetigo
B) severe acne
C) lipoma
D) a liver spot
A) impetigo
Which of the following primary lesions requires a medical referral?
A) macule
B) cyst
C) papule
D) pustule
B) cyst
A wheal can be caused by _______________.
A) acne
B) poison ivy
C) a mosquito bite
D) second degree burns
C) a mosquito bite
An abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color is a ______________.
A) tumor
B) cyst
C) bulla
D) nodule
A) tumor
Severely cracked or chapped hands or lips is considered a(n) _____________.
A) ulcer
B) crust
C) fissure
D) keloid
C) fissure
An excoriation could be caused by ________________.
A) chicken pox
B) psoriasis
C) a post-operative repair
D) nail biting
D) nail-biting
Which of the following is a thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue?
A) excoriation
B) keloid
C) cicatrix
D) crust
B) keloid
What type of lesions are characterized by an accumulation of material on the skin surface or by depressions in the skin surface?
A) secondary
B) minor
C) primary
D) major
A) secondary
Psoriasis is characterized by a(n) ________________.
A) accumulation of sebum and pus
B) thin, dry, or oily plate of epidermal flakes
C) crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis
D) open lesions on the skin or mucous membrane
B) thin, dry, or oily plate of epidermal flakes
Which of the following is a recurring viral infection that produces fever blisters or cold sores characterized by a single vesicle or group of vesicles with red, swollen bases?
A) psoriasis
B) eczema
C) herpes simplex 1
D) ivy dermatitis
C) herpes simplex 1
_____________ occurs when irritating substances, such as chemicals or tints, temporarily damage the epidermis.
A) irritant contact dermatitis
B) ivy dermatitis
C) eczema
D) dermatitis
A) irritant contact dermatitis
Which of the following conditions may spread to other parts of the body by contact with contaminated hands, clothing, or objects?
A) irritant contact dermatitis
B) ivy dermatitis
C) eczema
D) dermatitis
B) ivy dermatitis
________________ usually occurs on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, or lower back, but rarely on the face.
A) eczema
B) herpes simplex 1
C) herpes simplex 2
D) psoriasis
D) psoriasis
Dermatitis lesions May appear in various forms, such as ________________.
A) wheals
B) fissures
C) vesicles
D) nodules
C) vesicles
Excessive oiliness on the skin or scalp may indicate the presence of _________________.
A) milia
B) telangiectasis
C) rosacea
D) seborrhea
D) seborrhea
Which of the following disorders of the sebaceous gland is commonly associated with newborn babies?
A) seborrhea
B) milia
C) open comedo
D) Whitehead
B) milia
What disorder of the sudoriferous glands can be life threatening and requires medical attention?
A) anhidrosis
B) bromhidrosis
C) hyperhidrosis
D) miliaria rubra
A) anhidrosis
______________results in foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or in the feet.
A) hyperhidrosis
B) miliaria rubra
C) bromhidrosis
D) anhidrosis
C) bromhidrosis
What disorder of the sudoriferous glands is caused by exposure to excessive heat and usually clears in a short time without treatment?
A) bromhidrosis
B) hyperhidrosis
C) anhidrosis
D) miliaria rubra
D) miliaria rubra
What is the technical term for freckles?
A) vintiligo
B) lentigines
C) leukoderma
D) hypo pigmentation
B) lentigines
An absence of melanin pigment in the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes, is known as _______________.
A) albinism
B) leukoderma
C) hyperpigmentation
D) chloasma
A) Albinism
Which of the following changes in the pigmentation of the skin is commonly referred to as liver spots in older adults?
A) chloasma
B) leukoderma
C) lentigines
D) Nevis
C) lentigines
________________is caused by a burn, scar, inflammation, or congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells?
A) lentigines
B) vitiligo
C) albinism
D) leukoderma
D) leukoderma
Skin with vitiligo must be ________________.
A) protected from overexposure to the sun
B) exposed to sunlight and air
C) exfoliated or treated by a dermatologist
D) treated with antibiotics
A) protected from overexposure to the sun
Which of the following is also known as a birthmark?
A) stain
B) Nevus
C) chloasma
D) vitiligo
B) nevus
A callus is a ______________ that is caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin.
A) chloasma
B) verruca
C) keratoma
D) leukoderma
C) keratoma
Any change in a mole requires _______________.
A) removal
B) exfoliation
C) protection from overexposure of the sun
D) medical attention
D) medical attention
Which of the following is caused by a virus and is infectious?
A) mole
B) wart
C) skin tag
D) keratoma
B) wart
______________ can spread from one location to to another, particularly along a scratch in the skin.
A) verruca
B) vitiligo
C) leukoderma
D) hypopigmentation
A) verruca
If the thickening of a callus grows inward it’s called a ____________.
A) verruca
B) wart
C) corn
D) blemish
C) corn
Where do skin tags most frequently occur?
A) face
B) neck and chest
C) hands and feet
D) scalp
B) neck and chest
The most common and least severe skin cancer is ____________.
A) basal cell carcinoma
B) basal cell melanoma
C) squamous cell carcinoma
D) malignant melanoma
A) basal cell carcinoma
What type of skin cancer is characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised?
A) squamous cell melanoma
B) basal cell carcinoma
C) malignant melanoma
D) squamous cell carcinoma
C) malignant melanoma
The American cancer society recommends using the ABCDE cancer checklist to help make potential skin cancer easier to recognize. What does the “D” stand for in this acronym?
A) diagnosis
B) duration
C) distance
D) diameter
D) diameter
What vitamin is important to skin and tissue repair?
A) d
B) c
C) a
D) e
B) C
Vitamin E _____________.
A) promotes healthy and rapid healing of the skin
B) supports the overall health of the skin
C) helps to fight against the harmful effects of the sun
D) is important to skin and tissue repair
C) helps fight against the suns rays
The American cancer society recommends using the ABCDE checklist to help make potential skin cancer easier to diagnose. What does the “C” stand for in this acronym?
A) character
B) color
C) cause
D) consistency
B) color
Basal cell carcinoma has what percentage of a survival rate with early diagnosis and treatment?
A) 90%
B) 62%
C) 94%
D) 100%
A) 90%
Which of the following skin cancers is the least common of the cancers, but is 100 percent fatal if left untreated?
A) squamous cell melanoma
B) squamous cell carcinoma
C) basal cell carcinoma
D) malignant melanoma
D) malignant melanoma
Early detection and treatment of malignant melanoma can result in a 94 percent 5-year survival rate, which drops drastically, to 62 percent, once it reaches the _____________.
A) lymph nodes
B) scalp
C) mucous membranes
D) fibrous tissue
A) lymph nodes
Using sun screen with an ___________ when in the sun is necessary to protect the skin.
A) SPF 15
B) SPF 30
C) SPF 80
D) SPF 100
B) SPF 30
___________ and protection are the major factors involved in maintaining the skins overall health and appearance.
A) seeing a dermatologist
B) medical treatment
C) diet
D) diagnosis
C) diet
Which of the following is a small brownish spot or blemish on the skin, ranging in color from pale tan to brown or bluish black?
A) mole
B) wart
C) skin tag
D) verruca
A) mole
The change in pigmentation of the skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet light is a ______________
A) nevus
B) stain
C) leukoderma
D) tan
D) tan
Characteristics of _________ include eyes that are pink, and skin that is sensitive to light and ages early.
A) lentigines
B) albinism
C) hyperpigmentation
D) vitiligo
B) albinism
Which of the following are irregularly shapes dark spots, sometimes found on the scalp and ears and often first detected by a barber?
A) melanomas
B) sebaceous cysts
C) milias
D) open comedos
A) melanomas
Sores that do not heal or unexpected skin bleeding may be symptoms of _____________.
A) disorders of the sudoriferous glands
B) hypertrophies
C) skin cancer
D) dyschromias
C) skin cancer
