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Social Psychology > chapters 7-9 > Flashcards

chapters 7-9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Influence

A

Efforts by one or more individuals to actively change the attitudes, beeleifs, perceptions, or behaviors of one or more others.

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2
Q

Compliance

A

yeilding to direct, explicit appeals meant to produce certain behavior or agreement with a particular point of view

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3
Q

Principles of compliance

(6)

A
  1. friendship/Liking
  2. Commitment/consistency
  3. scarcirty
  4. Norm of Reciprocity
  5. social validation
  6. authority
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4
Q

principle of compliance

Friendship/liking

A
  • Making a good impression leads to a greater compliance
  • ingratiation: “flattery”
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5
Q

principle of compliance

Commitment/Consistency

A

if we are commited to a postion, then our behaviors tend to comply with that position

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6
Q

principle of compliance

Scarcity

A

we value and try to secure opportunities that are scarce or decreasing

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7
Q

principle of compliance

norm of reciprocity

A

we feel obligated to pay people back in some way for what they have done for us

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8
Q

principle of compliance

social validation

A

we are generally more willing to comply with a request for some action if this action is consistent with what we believe persons similair to us ourselves are doing

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9
Q

principle of compliance

authority

A

we are more wiloing to comply with requests from someone who is legitimate authority or looks like one

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10
Q

Compliance techniques

(3)

A
  1. Foot-in-the-door
  2. Lowballing
  3. door in the face
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11
Q

compliance techinque

food in the door

A

Comply with inital small request -> comply with later large request.
- this works becuase people desire to be consistant with past behavior

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12
Q

compliance techinque

Lowballing

A
  1. agreement with initial set of conditions
  2. the conditions change for the worse
  3. person still complies, even under poorer conditions
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13
Q

compliance techinque

door in the face

A
  1. refuse intial large request
  2. comply with later small request
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14
Q

Conformity

A

yeidling to go along with the crown, to behave the same manner as other persons in ones group or society

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15
Q

why does conformity happen?

A
  1. normative explanation
  2. informational explanation
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16
Q

why does conformity happen?

normative explanation

A

desire to be liked
- pressure that reflects group norms
- expectations regarding appropriate behavior held by those belonging groups

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17
Q

why does conformity happen?

informational explanation

A

desire to be right
- conformaity happens becuase we want to gain accurate information
- pressure comes from assuming others have knowledge that we lack

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18
Q

Sherif (1936)

A

1st phase: complete task alone, answer between participants varied widely
2nd phase: participants in room with 2+ people and publicly announced their estimates, did not vary widely. changed answers to be similar

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19
Q

asch study

A

asch wednesday u put LINES on ur face

people in group, inly 1 real participant.
ask question
all confederates answer clearly wrong
real partipcsnt complies ven tho the anser is very abvcious

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20
Q

factors that produce conformity

A
  1. cohessiveness and status
  2. group size
  3. self-awareness
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21
Q

factor that produces conformity

group cohessiveness and status

A

the more attractive a group is to an individual the higher the level of conformity pressure.

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22
Q

factor that produces conformity

group size

A

conformity decreases after the group grows larger than three individuals

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23
Q

factor that produces conformity

self-awareness

A

private self-awareness: > conformity > Public self-awareness:

the more private self-awareness you have the less likely you are to conform

the less piublic self-awareness you have the more likely you are to conform

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24
Q

Obedience

A

acting in accord with a direct order

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25
Q

Milgrim (1963)

A

the shocking one

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26
Q

Cover story

A

a plausible but false statement about the purpose of a research study given to research participants to avoid disclosing to them the true hypothesis being investigated.

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27
Q

confederate

A

commonly employed in psychology experiments to secretly participate along with actual subjects

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28
Q

Group

A

two or more interdependent people
- members interact regularly
- have stable relationships and emotional ties to one another
- memebrs recognize they belong to a group

29
Q

social cohesiveness

A

feeling and thinking like you are part of a group and wantikng to reatin membership in the group

30
Q

social facilitation

A

when an individual performs a task in the presence of a audience
- simple/well-learned = easy
- complex/new tasks = hindered

31
Q

mere presence of others (zajonc 1969)

social facilatation

A

Humans and animals become physciologicaly aroused when they are with members of own species.

increased arousal enhances person’s tendency to give dominent response

32
Q

evaluation apprehension

social facilation

A

we fear others evaluation
- the arousal is caused by a concern that others are judging us not just their presence
- especiallity if the audience is knowledgable about the activity.

33
Q

distraction conflict

social facilitation

A

when others are present, out attneiton is divided.

34
Q

Social loafing

A

when individuals work in groups, they tend to exert less effort and are less motivated than if they work on their own

35
Q

diffusion of responsiblity / matching effort

social loafing

A

each person feels less individually responsible & matches the effort of others

36
Q

interdependance

A

the dependance of two or more people or things on each other

37
Q

social power

A

the force available to the social influencer in motivating the change of people’s attitudes or behavior

38
Q

pluralistic ignorance

A

when we think that everyone else is interpreting a situation in a certain way, when in fact they are not

39
Q

anticonformity

A

opposition to social influence on all occasion, against conformity

40
Q

minority influence

A

a form of social influence that is attributed to exposure to a consistent minority position in a group

41
Q

minority slowness effect

A

tendency of those who hold a minority opinion to express that opinion less quickly than people who hold the majority opinion

42
Q

that’s-not-all technique

A

a two-step procedure for enhancing compliance that consists of (a) presenting an initial large request and then, before the person can respond, (b) immediately making the request more attractive by reducing it to a more modest target request or by offering some additional benefit

43
Q

social impact theory

A

a model that conceives of influence from other people as being the result of social forces acting on the individual

44
Q

deindividuation

A

deindividuation is whn their is a diffusion of responsibly as the result of the anonymity and decreased self-awarness that participating in big groups brings.

45
Q

group polarization

A

grouo judgements tend to be more extreme than the judgements of individual group members would have made on their own

46
Q

Social comparison theory

group polarization

A

we need to evaluate our opinions and abilitirs by comparing them to others opinions and abilitiess

47
Q

persuasive-arguments theory

A

group memb ers exposed to a great nukmber of persuasive arguemnts- their attitudes become more likely to become extreme

48
Q

group think

A

extreme group polarization

49
Q

task leadership

A

goal-directed or goal-oriented type of leadership. This type of leadership is good when you need to stay focused on goals and move as a unit toward common objectives.

50
Q

socioemotional leadership

A

addresses the overall morale of the group members. This includes consideration of group cohesion and morale, the emotions and needs of individual workers, and within-group relationships.

51
Q

transformational leadership

A

leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders.

52
Q

interpersonal attraction

A

the degree of liking

53
Q

need for affiliation

A
  • the desire to seek relationships with other people
  • those high in this need arfe more liekly to conform and be concerned about being accpepted and liked by others

affiliation reduces fear and isolation

54
Q

need for belongingness
- reasons?

A

need to establish and maintain at least a mininum number of interpersonal relationships
- matter of survival
- evolutionary psychology
- attachment in childhood

55
Q

social comparison

affiliation

A

we evaluate our thoughts and actions by comparing them wirth those of others

56
Q

social exchange

affiliation

A

we week out and maintain relationship in whcih the rewards outweigh the cost

57
Q

loneliness

A

inability to maintain the level of affiliation one desires
- declines with age

58
Q

Proximity

A

the degree to which peopple are geogrpaghicaly close to one another

59
Q

Festinger Proximity

A
  • couples who lvied on door apart more likel to be friends then who lived two doors apart
  • couples who lived closer to stairs and mailbozes had more friends
60
Q

familiarity

A

the frequency of actual contact with individuals

61
Q

mere exposure effect

A

familairy breeds content
- more familiar, more attractive

62
Q

similarity (white)

A

couples who had more difference in attractiveness levels were more likely to break up

63
Q

Matching hypothesis

A

people are attracted to and form relationships with others who are similar to them in physical attracrivness

64
Q

Balance theory

A

we share values -> no cognitive dissonance

65
Q

symmetry

A

symmetry=attractive
- effect may be quite smal in contract to media portrayal

66
Q

Babyface

A

presence of childlike features increase positive veiws

67
Q

physical attrsaction

A

pretty privelage. thought to pocess good qualities, and lead better lives.

68
Q

implicit personality theory

what is beautiful is good

A

assumptions peopole make about which character traits “go together”

69
Q

self fulfilling prophecy

A

social perceivers expectations about a target person leads to changes in that targets behaviors according to those expecations

Social Psychology (4 decks)

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