chapters 4-6 Flashcards
impression formation
Process in which we integrate information about another person in order to come to an overall judgement of the person
Implicit personality theory
we make assumptions about which traits go together (all good traits go together, all bad traits go together)
- halo effect, what is beautiful is good
Positivity bias
we tend to view others favorably
negativity bias
if we learn one negative thing, then we weigh this trait more heavily than positive traits
attributions
people’s ideas about what causes things to occur and why things happen as they do
correspondent interference theory
people tend to make inferences about people’s table dispositions when the behaviors can in-fact be explained by the situation
ex- can be the tendency to infer that the personalities of actors and actresses correspond to the roles they play.
jones & harris (Pro/Anti - castro) - FAE
participants were asked to guess the students attitudes towards Castro
- Participants concluded that if the authors choose to write a pro/anti Castro essay than that mean their liking towards him aligned with their stance
- participants also concluded though if the authors with assigned to write a pro/anti Castro essay then the results looked a lot as if they were chosen. when they should look like 50/50.
(FAE)
Fundamental attribution error
when we explain other peoples behavior, we assume that the cause is dispositional & we ten not to consider situational causes.
social cognition
the psychological processes that enable individuals to take advantage of being part of a social group
consistency seekers
people are motivated to resolve inconsistencies in their thoughts and behaviors.
cognitive dissonance
refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors.
cognitive-misers
someone who seeks out quick, adequate solutions to problems rather than slow, careful ones
motivated-tacticians
someone who alternates between sloppy thinking and more careful analytical thinking depending on his level of motivation
schemas
a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them
person schema
expectations for specific individuals
self-schema
categories of knowledge that reflect how we expect ourselves to think, feel, and act in particular settings or situations
script
sequence of events that usually take place during specific situations
social categorization
the process by which people categorize themselves and others into differentiated groups
gender schema
mental structures that organize incoming information according to gender categories and in turn lead people to perceive the world in terms of gender
priming
occurs when an individual’s exposure to a certain stimulus influences his or her response to a subsequent stimulus
- seeing fast food commercials makes you want fast food
hindsight bias
the tendency for people to perceive past events as having been more predictable than they were
counterfactual thinking
mental representations of alternatives to past events, actions, or states
counterfactual thinking
mental representations of alternatives to past events, actions, or states
ex. "ugh if only i wasnt texting i wouldnt have got into a car crash"
person perception
the mental process that we use to form impressions of other people.