Chapters 7&8 - kinetic theory and solubility and shit

Question 0

gas pressure

Answer 0

gas particles excerting pressure
gases continually collide with walls
the amount of times they collide= pressure
increase temp increases pressure
increasing volume decreases pressure

Question 1

Gases- assumption

Answer 1

collisions are elastic
have mass but no volume
can be compressed
will diffuse

Question 2

Avagadros Hypothesis

Answer 2

Equal volume of gases at the same temperature contain the same amount of particles
- same temp and same pressure = equal numbers of particles will occupy same space

Question 3

liquids

Answer 3

weak attractive forces but strong enough to hold particles

• less kinetic energy than gases but more than solids
• incompressible due to particles being close

Question 4

solids

Answer 4

• have definite shape and volume

Question 5

Evaporation

Answer 5

• particles with more k.e in a liquid and is near the surface of the liquid can escape to gaseous state due to the kinetic energy
• temp is lowered

Question 6

Solutions

Answer 6

homogenous mixtures

• rainwater, vinegar etc
• has same distribution of components
• e.g. salt water, same saltiness top mid and bot

Question 7

solvent

Answer 7

does the dissolving

Question 8

solute

Answer 8

being dissolved

Question 9

saturated

Answer 9

no more solute will dissolve

Question 10

unsaturated

Answer 10

contains less than the quantity of solute needed to saturate it

Question 11

supersaturated

Answer 11

contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution could hold normally

Question 12

polar substances

Answer 12

can only be dissolved in polar substances

- ionic compounds are very polar

Question 13

temp and solubility

Answer 13

increase temp= increase solubility

decrease temp, solubility decreases

Question 14

aqueous solutions

Answer 14

ionic solid is dissolved, ions break away from lattice structure

• form single ions
• mix with water molecules
• eg NaCl+h2o -> na + cl
• dis socialisation

Question 15

colligative properties

Answer 15

physical properties of the solvent that has changed

• lowers v.p
• raises b.p
• lowers f.p

Question 16

diffusion

Answer 16

• gas particles are free to move in this way
• ## no forces of attraction between them to hold them together

Question 17

dilute solution

Answer 17

• contains a small amount of solute in a large volume of solvent

Question 18

• concentration solutions

Answer 18

• large amount of solute is dissolved in a relatively small volume of solvent