Chapter 8: Solutions

Question 1

Polar Substances

Answer 1

water and sugar
ionic compounds are highly polar

dissolve in polar solvents

Question 2

non polar substances

Answer 2

petrol and oil

dissolve in non polar solvents

Question 3

Ionic compounds being dissolved

Answer 3

orderly lattice arrangement of positive and negative ions disrupted, ions mix with water molecules

Question 4

dissociation

Answer 4

breaking apart of ionic lattice into separate ions

Question 5

electrolytes

Answer 5

substances that produce ions in solutions

Question 6

strong electrolyte

Answer 6

break up completely into ions e.g. HCl and H2SO4

Question 7

weak electrolyte

Answer 7

only some form ions e.g. acetic acid, ammonia

Question 8

Dissolved solute

Answer 8

lowers V.P.
raises b.p
lowers freezing point

V.P. is lowered due to the solute particles at the boundary between liquid and gas interfering with evaporation, as it prevents them from reaching the surface

B.P. rises due to V.P. being lowered, therefore solution must be heated to make vp = a.p