Chapters 7,8,9

Question 1

What is deviance?

Answer 1

A behavior that strays from what is ‘normal’; does not necessarily mean bad, criminal, or sick.

Deviance is relative and can change based on various factors such as time, place, and culture.

Question 2

What are overt characteristics of deviance?

Answer 2

Actions or qualities taken as explicitly violating the cultural norm.

Examples include public displays of aggression or theft.

Question 3

What are covert characteristics of deviance?

Answer 3

Unstated qualities that might make a group a target for sanctions.

Examples include ethnic background, ‘race’, and sexual orientation.

Question 4

How does deviance differ across cultures?

Answer 4

What one culture defines as deviant may be considered an honorable practice in another.

For example, polyandry (two brothers married to the same woman) may be accepted in some cultures.

Question 5

What is conflict deviance?

Answer 5

A disagreement among groups over whether or not something is deviant.

An example is the differing views on marijuana possession and use.

Question 6

what is social constructionism?

Answer 6

elements of social life are constructed by society or culture

Question 7

what are the three types of stigmas by Goffman?

Answer 7

bodily stigma-physical-piercings
Moral stigma -blemishes of character(personality)
Tribal -associated with group(race, family,etc)

Question 8

what is essentialism?

Answer 8

argues that certain characteristics are natural

Question 9

what is racial profiling?

Answer 9

actions based on stereotypes related to race/ethnicity

Question 10

how does poverty affect deviance?

Answer 10

behaviours like drugs/alcohol use is seen as more deviant in the poor class than the rich class

Question 11

what is occupational crimes?

Answer 11

benefit the individual at the expense of colleagues

Question 12

What are corporate crimes?

Answer 12

benefit cooperation and it’s executives at the expense of other companies and the public

Question 13

what is misogyny?

Answer 13

hatred of women

Question 14

what are the functions of deviance?

Answer 14

affirms cultural values
Clarifies moral boundaries through responses
Brings communities together in response
encourages social change

Question 15

what is Merton’s strain theory?

Answer 15

Society can create conditions that foster deviance
ex) American dream= belief, hard work leads to success
strain= Disconnect between goals, leads to those without resources turning to deviance

Question 16

What is the subcultural theory?

Answer 16

Lower class, individuals experience status, frustration from failing in middle-class institutions

Question 17

What is labelling deviance?

Answer 17

societal reactions rather than actions themselves

Question 18

what is primary and secondary deviance?

Answer 18

1-minor norm violations with little impact
2-repeated normal violations leads to a deviant identity

Question 19

what is the social control theory?

Answer 19

Deviant behaviour increases when societal ties weaken
-attachment, opportunity, involvement, and belief

Question 20

What is social conflict theory?

Answer 20

links deviance to social inequity
(interests of wealthy)